Articles | Volume 26, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-4967-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-4967-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Apr 2026
Research article |
| 15 Apr 2026
| 15 Apr 2026
14C-based separation of fossil and non-fossil CO2 fluxes in cities using relaxed eddy accumulation: results from tall-tower measurements in Zurich, Paris, and Munich
Ann-Kristin Kunz
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Samuel Hammer
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Patrick Aigner
Professorship of Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Laura Bignotti
ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
Lars Borchardt
ICOS Flask and Calibration Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Professorship of Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Julian Della Coletta
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Lukas Emmenegger
Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Markus Eritt
ICOS Flask and Calibration Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Xochilt Gutiérrez
ICOS Flask and Calibration Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Josh Hashemi
Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Rainer Hilland
Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Christopher Holst
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Armin Jordan
ICOS Flask and Calibration Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Natascha Kljun
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Richard Kneißl
ICOS Flask and Calibration Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Changxing Lan
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Virgile Legendre
ICOS Flask and Calibration Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Ingeborg Levin
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
deceased, 10 February 2024
Benjamin Loubet
ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
Matthias Mauder
Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Dresden University of Technology, TUD, Tharandt, Germany
Betty Molinier
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Susanne Preunkert
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
ICOS Central Radiocarbon Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Michel Ramonet
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Stavros Stagakis
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Andreas Christen
Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Short summary
We present radiocarbon (14C)-based fossil fuel CO2 fluxes from relaxed eddy accumulation measurements on tall towers in the cities of Zurich, Paris, and Munich. By separating net CO2 fluxes into fossil and non-fossil components, these data reveal significant and variable contributions from human, plant, and soil respiration, as well as point-source emissions. These unique insights into CO2 flux composition offer crucial information for observation-based validation of urban emission estimates.
We present radiocarbon (14C)-based fossil fuel CO2 fluxes from relaxed eddy accumulation...
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