Articles | Volume 26, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3723-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3723-2026
Research article
 | 
16 Mar 2026
Research article |  | 16 Mar 2026

Sorting sudden stratospheric warmings with the downward tropospheric influence using ERA5 and CESM2-WACCM

Rongzhao Lu and Jian Rao

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Cited articles

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Ambaum, M. H. P. and Hoskins, B. J.: The NAO troposphere–stratosphere connection, J. Climate, 15, 1969–1978, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1969:TNTSC>2.0.CO;2, 2002. 
Anstey, J., Gray, L. J., Mitchell, D. M., Baldwin, M. P., and Charlton-Perez, A. J.: The influence of stratospheric vortex displacements and splits on surface climate, J. Climate, 26, 2668–2682, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00030.1, 2013. 
Baldwin, M. P. and Dunkerton, T. J.: Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes, Science, 294, 581–584, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063315, 2001. 
Baldwin, M. P. and Thompson, D. W. J.: A critical comparison of stratosphere–troposphere coupling indices, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1661–1672, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.479, 2009. 
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The downward impact of sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) on the troposphere is still controversial. We further classify downward-propagating SSWs (DWs) into three types that are followed by cold surges over Eurasia (EA), over North America (NA), and over both (BOTH), respectively. This study reveals the diversity of the DWs and distinguishes their potential impact on both continents in the Northern Hemisphere.
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