Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 3
Articles | Volume 26, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2175-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2175-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 3
Research article
 | 
11 Feb 2026
Research article |  | 11 Feb 2026

Unveiling the dominant control of the systematic cooling bias in CMIP6 models: quantification and corrective strategies

Jie Zhang, Kalli Furtado, Steven T. Turnock, Yixiong Lu, Tongwen Wu, Fang Zhang, Xiaoge Xin, and Yuyun Liu

Viewed

Total article views: 1,545 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
1,267 217 61 1,545 61 76
  • HTML: 1,267
  • PDF: 217
  • XML: 61
  • Total: 1,545
  • BibTeX: 61
  • EndNote: 76
Views and downloads (calculated since 12 May 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 May 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 1,545 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,545 with geography defined and 0 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 16 Apr 2026
Download
Short summary
Aerosol cooling has been identified as a key driver of the cold biases in CMIP6 (sixth Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) models. We demonstrate the critical role of sulfate burden anomaly and the contribution of sulfur removal processes. Faster sulfate deposition directly lowers atmospheric sulfate levels, while enhanced SO₂ deposition reduces the precursor for sulfate formation. The systematically short sulfate lifetime implies that model improvements should focus on SO₂ deposition processes, rather than sulfate deposition.
Read more
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint