Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 21
Articles | Volume 26, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-15563-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-15563-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 21
Research article
 | 
05 Nov 2026
Research article |  | 05 Nov 2026

Unveiling the multiphase fate of 2,4-dinitrophenol on aerosols: interfacial hydration modulates competing oxidation pathways and predicted toxicity indicators

Chenlei Wang, Ran Li, Jiaxing Sun, Zihan Zhang, Nan Zhao, Leilei Liu, Zuju Ma, Maoxia He, and Jianfei Sun

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Short summary
2,4-Dinitrophenol reacts mainly with hydroxyl radicals and ozone, while solvation and nitro groups affect its reactivity. A key radical intermediate reacts with O2 and NO2. Adsorption varies non-monotonically with hydration. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) predictions show that some ozonolysis products may have higher mutagenicity and developmental toxicity than the parent compound, highlighting the need to assess transformation products.
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