Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 16
Articles | Volume 26, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11627-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11627-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 16
Research article
 | 
18 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 18 Aug 2026

Altitude-dependent role of nitric acid in iodic acid-iodous acid nucleation: from marine boundary layer catalyst to upper troposphere core component

Jiaze Zhang, Ling Liu, An Ning, Haotian Zu, Jing Li, Fengyang Bai, Jie Yang, Xueshun Chen, and Xiuhui Zhang

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Short summary
Sulfuric acid (SA)-dominated nucleation cannot explain observed tropospheric particulate matter and cloud condensation nuclei. Via quantum chemical calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics simulations, we find the role of nitric acid shifts from a marine boundary layer catalyst to an upper troposphere cluster core in HIO3–HIO2 nucleation, with particle formation rates surpassing established SA pathways, explaining unaccounted-for new particle formation (NPF) amid falling sulfur and rising marine iodine emissions.
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