Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 15
Articles | Volume 26, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10965-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10965-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 15
Research article
 | 
06 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 06 Aug 2026

From κ to χ: evaluating hygroscopicity-based mixing state estimates with a particle-resolved model

Yicen Liu, Jian Wang, and Nicole Riemer

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Short summary

Airborne particles affect clouds, climate, and air quality, but it is difficult to determine how their chemical components are mixed within individual particles. We tested a method that estimates this mixing from water-uptake measurements using detailed computer simulations. The method works well in many cases, but can overestimate particle mixing when moderately water-attracting material exists in separate particle types. We then applied this uncertainty framework to long-term observations.

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