Articles | Volume 25, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7187-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7187-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jul 2025
Research article |
| 11 Jul 2025
| 11 Jul 2025
Global ground-based tropospheric ozone measurements: reference data and individual site trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM project
Roeland Van Malderen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium and Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence, Uccle, Belgium
Anne M. Thompson
Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
GESTAR, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
Debra E. Kollonige
Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Lanham, MD, USA
Ryan M. Stauffer
Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Herman G. J. Smit
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
Eliane Maillard Barras
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Corinne Vigouroux
Royal Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle, Belgium
Irina Petropavlovskikh
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Thierry Leblanc
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Wrightwood, California, USA
Valérie Thouret
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Pawel Wolff
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Peter Effertz
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
David W. Tarasick
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ONT, Canada
Deniz Poyraz
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium and Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence, Uccle, Belgium
Gérard Ancellet
LATMOS, Sorbonne Université, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, Paris, France
Marie-Renée De Backer
Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, Université de Reims, Reims, France
Stéphanie Evan
Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France, Saint-Denis, France
Victoria Flood
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Matthias M. Frey
IMKASF, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
James W. Hannigan
Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations & Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
José L. Hernandez
State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Madrid, Spain
Marco Iarlori
CETEMPS Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Bryan J. Johnson
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Nicholas Jones
School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
Rigel Kivi
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Space and Earth Observation Centre, Sodankylä, Finland
Emmanuel Mahieu
Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Glen McConville
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Katrin Müller
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Tomoo Nagahama
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Justus Notholt
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Ankie Piters
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Natalia Prats
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Richard Querel
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand
Dan Smale
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand
Wolfgang Steinbrecht
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
Kimberly Strong
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Ralf Sussmann
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Data sets
HEGIFTOM homogenized ozone profile and TrOC datasets HEGIFTOM TrOC https://hegiftom.meteo.be/datasets/tropospheric-ozone-columns-trocs
Model code and software
Guidance note on best statistical practices for TOAR analyses (https://github.com/Kai-LanChang/statistical_guidelines) K. L. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.14236
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas and is an air pollutant. The time variability of tropospheric ozone is mainly driven by anthropogenic emissions. In this paper, we study the distribution and time variability of ozone from harmonized ground-based observations from five different measurement techniques. Our findings provide clear standard references for atmospheric models and evolving tropospheric ozone satellite data for the 2000–2022 period.
Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas and is an air pollutant. The time variability...
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