Articles | Volume 25, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2989-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2989-2025
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12 Mar 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 12 Mar 2025

Modelled surface climate response to effusive Icelandic volcanic eruptions: sensitivity to season and size

Tómas Zoëga, Trude Storelvmo, and Kirstin Krüger

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Latest update: 13 Mar 2025
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Effusive, long-lasting volcanic eruptions impact climate through emission of gases and subsequent production of aerosols. Although previous studies have shown that the sulphate aerosol produced by these eruptions cools Earth's climate, this Earth system modelling study shows that high-latitude effusive eruptions can cause Arctic warming during the fall and wintertime. This warming effect is caused by the enhancement of downward longwave radiation from very optically thin clouds. The results have implications for our understanding of future Arctic climate change as well as any efforts to deliberately modify the climate through solar radiation management.
Short summary
We use an Earth system model to systematically investigate the climate response to high-latitude effusive volcanic eruptions as a function of eruption season and size, with a focus on the Arctic. We find that different seasons strongly modulate the climate response, with Arctic surface warming observed in winter and cooling in summer. Additionally, as eruptions increase in terms of sulfur dioxide emissions, the climate response becomes increasingly insensitive to variations in emission strength.
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