Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18475-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18475-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Dec 2025
Research article |
| 19 Dec 2025
| 19 Dec 2025
Tropical tropospheric ozone trends (1998 to 2023): new perspectives from SHADOZ, IAGOS and OMI/MLS observations
Anne M. Thompson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA
University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
Ryan M. Stauffer
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA
Debra E. Kollonige
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
Jerald R. Ziemke
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA
Morgan State Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA
Bryan J. Johnson
NOAA/Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO, USA
Gary A. Morris
NOAA/Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO, USA
Patrick Cullis
NOAA/Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO, USA
María Cazorla
Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Instituto de Investigaciones Atmosféricas, Quito, Ecuador
Jorge Andres Diaz
Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
Ankie Piters
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Igor Nedeljkovic
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Truus Warsodikromo
Meteorological Service of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
Francisco Raimundo Silva
Brazilian National Institute of Space Research (INPE), Natal, Brazil
E. Thomas Northam
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Wallops Island, VA, USA
Patrick Benjamin
US Space Force Base, Patrick, FSB, FL, Yang Enterprises, Inc., USA
Thumeka Mkololo
South African Weather Service (SAWS), Pretoria, South Africa
Tshidi Machinini
South African Weather Service (SAWS), Pretoria, South Africa
Christian Félix
MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Gonzague Romanens
MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Syprose Nyadida
Kenya Meteorological Department, Nairobi, Kenya
Jérôme Brioude
Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), La Réunion, France
Stéphanie Evan
Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), La Réunion, France
Jean-Marc Metzger
Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), La Réunion, France
Ambun Dindang
Malaysian Meteorological Department, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Yuzaimi B. Mahat
Malaysian Meteorological Department, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Mohan Kumar Sammathuria
Malaysian Meteorological Department, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Norazura Binti Zakaria
Malaysian Meteorological Department, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Ninong Komala
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
Shin-Ya Ogino
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Research Institute for Global Change, Yokosuka, Japan
Nguyen Thi Quyen
Aero-Meteorological Observatory (AMO), Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration, Hanoi, Vietnam
Francis S. Mani
The University of the South Pacific (USP), Suva, Fiji
Miriama Vuiyasawa
The University of the South Pacific (USP), Suva, Fiji
David Nardini
CIMAR, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
Matthew Martinsen
CIRES, Univ. Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Darryl T. Kuniyuki
NOAA/Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO, USA
Katrin Müller
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Pawel Wolff
SEDOO, Univ. Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
now at: ECMWF, Bonn, Germany
Bastien Sauvage
Laboratoire d'Aérologie Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
Data sets
SHADOZ DataSet NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) SHADOZ Team https://doi.org/10.57721/SHADOZ-V06
SHADOZ Trends in CSV NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center SHADOZ Team https://tropo.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz/SHADOZ_PubsList.html
OMI/MLS Data NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center OMI Team https://acd-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/cloud_slice/new_data.html
Short summary
Ozone profile trends from SHADOZ sondes and IAGOS aircraft show that ozone in the tropical free troposphere (FT) is not growing fast except over equatorial SE Asia. This agrees with HEGIFTOM (Van Malderen et al., 2025), Stauffer et al. (2024) and Gaudel et al. (2024) TOAR-II papers. Other findings are as follows: (1) our trends are independent of method (QR, MLR) and (2) sample number (SN) (i.e., SHADOZ sampling is sufficient), and (3) all ground-based trends constitute the gold standard for satellite-derived trends.
Ozone profile trends from SHADOZ sondes and IAGOS aircraft show that ozone in the tropical free...
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