Articles | Volume 25, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17761-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17761-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Dec 2025
Research article |
| 05 Dec 2025
| 05 Dec 2025
Impact of leakage during HFC-125 production on the increase in HCFC-123 and HCFC-124 emissions
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Center for Sustainability Science and Strategy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Stephen Bourguet
Earth Commons, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
Molly Crotwell
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Paul B. Krummel
CSIRO Environment, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Hélène De Longueville
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Alistair J. Manning
Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
Jens Mühle
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Dominique Rust
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Isaac Vimont
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Martin K. Vollmer
Empa – Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Center for Sustainability Science and Strategy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Jgor Arduini
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Andreas Engel
Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Paul J. Fraser
CSIRO Environment, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Anita L. Ganesan
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Christina M. Harth
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Chris Lunder
NILU, Kjeller, Norway
Michela Maione
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Stephen A. Montzka
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
David Nance
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Simon O'Doherty
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Sunyoung Park
Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Stefan Reimann
Empa – Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Peter K. Salameh
GC Soft Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
Roland Schmidt
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Kieran M. Stanley
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Thomas Wagenhäuser
Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Dickon Young
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Matt Rigby
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Ronald G. Prinn
Center for Sustainability Science and Strategy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Ray F. Weiss
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Short summary
We used atmospheric measurements to estimate emissions of two hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) gases, called HCFC-123 and HCFC-124, that harm the ozone layer. Despite international regulation to stop their production, their emissions have not fallen. This may be linked to how they are used to make other chemicals. Our findings show that some banned substances are still reaching the atmosphere, likely through leaks during chemical production, which could slow the recovery of the ozone layer.
We used atmospheric measurements to estimate emissions of two hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)...
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