Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 22
Articles | Volume 25, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15785-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15785-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 22
Research article
 | 
18 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 18 Nov 2025

Simulation of the seasonal and spatial variability of the concentrations and chemical composition of ultrafine particulate matter over Europe

Konstantinos Mataras, Evangelia Siouti, David Patoulias, and Spyros N. Pandis

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Short summary
Predicted levels of ultrafine particle mass (PM0.1) vary substantially over Europe with higher values in the summer than in the winter. In summer, PM0.1 was mostly comprised of sulfate (38 %) and secondary organics (32 %). During winter the sulfate fraction increased to 47 % and primary organics contributed 23 %. Correlations between PM0.1 and the regulated PM2.5 were low. This suggests that there are significant differences between the dominant sources and processes of PM0.1 and PM2.5.
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