Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14449-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14449-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Nov 2025
Research article |
| 03 Nov 2025
| 03 Nov 2025
Towards an improved understanding of the impact of clouds and precipitation on the representation of aerosols over the Boreal Forest in GCMs
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
Department of Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
Paul Kim
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
Emanuele Tovazzi
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
Eemeli Holopainen
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences of Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, 26504, Greece
Roxana Cremer
Department of Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
now at: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Thomas Kühn
Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Harri Kokkola
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
Zak Kipling
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom
David Neubauer
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, RG2 9AX, United Kingdom
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
João C. Teixeira
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
Alistair Sellar
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
Duncan Watson-Parris
Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Yang Yang
School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Jialei Zhu
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
Srinath Krishnan
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, 0349, Norway
Annele Virtanen
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
Daniel G. Partridge
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
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Short summary
Climate models struggle to predict how clouds and aerosols interact, affecting Earth’s energy balance. This study compares models to observations to see how they describe effects of clouds and rain on aerosols. While both models show similar overall trends, seasonal differences emerged. These, however, align with differences in key variables participating in cloud formation. The study provides insights on how to improve the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions in climate models.
Climate models struggle to predict how clouds and aerosols interact, affecting Earth’s energy...
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