Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14333-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14333-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
Research article
 | 
03 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 03 Nov 2025

Seasonality biases arise from the interplay of retrieval quality and solar zenith angle effects in passive sensor AOD products

Sarah Smith, Yutian Wu, Rob Levy, and Mingfang Ting

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Latest update: 11 Sep 2026
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Short summary
A lidar satellite instrument shows Arctic particulate matter is highest in winter and lowest in summer, while sunlight-based instruments show the opposite. When the sun is low on the horizon, sunlight-based measures increasingly decline relative to lidar (but only in certain cases), driving lower average winter values even beyond the Arctic. These seasonality biases are important for user guidance, while this new insight may help reduce particulate measurement uncertainties in complex scenes.
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