Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 20
Articles | Volume 25, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13953-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13953-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 20
Research article
 | 
28 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 28 Oct 2025

The subtleties of three-dimensional radiative effects in contrails and cirrus clouds

Julie Carles, Nicolas Bellouin, Najda Villefranque, and Jean-Louis Dufresne

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Short summary
Cirrus and contrails affect Earth’s energy balance with a lot of remaining uncertainty. The balance between solar and terrestrial radiation is delicate to calculate, and factors such as cloud optical depth, shape, and Sun position are crucial to estimate the effect of those clouds on radiation. Also, often neglected three-dimensional paths of radiation, or 3D effects, may be important to account for at the climatic scale.
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