Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 19
Articles | Volume 25, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12721-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12721-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 19
Research article
 | 
10 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 10 Oct 2025

Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) formation in urban and marine atmospheres: role of aerosol ionic strength

Rongshuang Xu, Yu-Chi Lin, Siyu Bian, Feng Xie, and Yan-Lin Zhang

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Short summary
Levels of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in a continental city and, for the first time, a marine atmosphere are reported. The effect of aerosol ionic strength (IS) on HMS formation was quantified; it first rises with increasing IS and then peaks at 4 mol kg−1 before declining. Given the IS range of marine (2–6) and urban (6–20 mol kg−1) aerosols and the clearly negative correlation between humidity and IS, moderate IS levels in humid conditions may notably boost ambient HMS formation.
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