Articles | Volume 25, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12721-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12721-2025
Research article
 | 
10 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 10 Oct 2025

Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) formation in urban and marine atmospheres: role of aerosol ionic strength

Rongshuang Xu, Yu-Chi Lin, Siyu Bian, Feng Xie, and Yan-Lin Zhang

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-683', Anonymous Referee #1, 23 Apr 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC1', Rongshuang Xu, 17 Jun 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-683', Anonymous Referee #2, 25 Apr 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Rongshuang Xu, 17 Jun 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-683', Anonymous Referee #3, 05 May 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC3', Rongshuang Xu, 17 Jun 2025

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Rongshuang Xu on behalf of the Authors (17 Jun 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (04 Jul 2025) by Markus Ammann
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (07 Jul 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (09 Jul 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (18 Jul 2025)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (18 Jul 2025) by Markus Ammann
AR by Rongshuang Xu on behalf of the Authors (23 Jul 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (24 Jul 2025) by Markus Ammann
AR by Rongshuang Xu on behalf of the Authors (30 Jul 2025)  Manuscript 
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Short summary
Levels of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in a continental city and, for the first time, a marine atmosphere are reported. The effect of aerosol ionic strength (IS) on HMS formation was quantified; it first rises with increasing IS and then peaks at 4 mol kg−1 before declining. Given the IS range of marine (2–6) and urban (6–20 mol kg−1) aerosols and the clearly negative correlation between humidity and IS, moderate IS levels in humid conditions may notably boost ambient HMS formation.
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