Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11483-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.Seasonal differences in observed versus modelled new particle formation at two European boreal stations
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- Final revised paper (published on 29 Sep 2025)
- Preprint (discussion started on 12 Dec 2024)
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor
| : Report abuse
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3626', Anonymous Referee #1, 31 Dec 2024
- AC3: 'Reply on RC1', Carl Svenhag, 17 Apr 2025
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3626', Christina Williamson, 14 Jan 2025
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Carl Svenhag, 17 Apr 2025
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RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3626', Anonymous Referee #3, 17 Jan 2025
- AC1: 'Reply on RC3', Carl Svenhag, 17 Apr 2025
Peer review completion
AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Carl Svenhag on behalf of the Authors (17 Apr 2025)
Author's response
Author's tracked changes
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ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (18 Apr 2025) by Ann Fridlind
RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (23 Apr 2025)

RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (05 May 2025)

ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (24 Jun 2025) by Ann Fridlind

AR by Carl Svenhag on behalf of the Authors (04 Jul 2025)
Author's response
Author's tracked changes
EF by Mario Ebel (07 Jul 2025)
Manuscript
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (08 Jul 2025) by Ann Fridlind

AR by Carl Svenhag on behalf of the Authors (14 Jul 2025)
Author's response
Manuscript
In a previous paper, Svenhag et al (GMD 2024) implemented a mechanism for new particle formation (NPF) from H2SO4 and NH3 in EC-Earth and found minor differences in CCN, but despite this they found a change to the radiative effect of clouds of 0.28-1Wm-2. They performed a model evaluation, checking the aerosol size distribution at 12 surface stations worldwide.
In this paper, the authors focus on simulating NPF events at two surface stations using (I think) the same EC-Earth simulations, and compare them to an ADCHEM model run, presumably one of those published in de Jonge et al (E, S & T 2024). A new EC-Earth simulation without NPF is included, but only features in part of the analysis.
The simulations overestimate primary emissions in winter. ADCHEM has some different NPF mechanisms including iodine and dimethylamine, and no organic NPF, and performs better.
There’s an interesting set of plots comparing simulated and observed size distributions and “bananas” at two sites. However, given that most of the simulations (as far as I can tell) are already published and a very similar evaluation of ADCHEM at these sites was already published by de Jonge et al (2024) e.g. their Figure 3, it left me wondering whether the paper currently satisfies the “substantial new concepts, ideas, methods, or data” review criterion for ACP. I think it could, if the analysis were broadened and deepened to probe the model more comprehensively and replace some of the speculations in Section 3.2 with additional detailed analysis or sensitivity studies. This is likely to need new simulations.
Major comments
In my assessment, the paper relies for its novelty on two aspects
One could argue that the value of (1) is limited for people outside the EC-Earth community because the size distributions are dominated by the effects of the coupling to the IFS meteorology, and it’s hard to disentangle the odd behaviour resulting from this this from the effects of the NPF. However, it’s still interesting to see.
The value of (2) is currently limited since the authors only show one ADCHEM simulation with very different nucleation mechanisms to the EC-Earth simulations. Perhaps there is an opportunity here to analyse the other ADCHEM simulations published by de Jonge et al, which include simulations that only include H2SO4-NH3 NPF that would (at least to an outsider) seem to be a fairer comparison to the EC-Earth CLUST simulations.
If the sentence in the abstract “When comparing diurnal EC-Earth model results with ADCHEM and observations, we establish that using solely organic-H2SO4 nucleation parameterization will underestimate the aerosol number concentrations” is not to be misleading, the authors should test what happens when ELVOC nucleation from Riccobono et al (2016) is included in ADCHEM. Currently ADCHEM does not tell us about the organic-H2SO4 nucleation parameterization.
Minor comments
In Figure 2e, NPF is so non-linear that the annual mean NPF rate must be dominated by values close to zero. Would something like the 95th percentile make more sense instead?
Using the Jokinen et al (2015) yields for ELVOC with the Riccobono et al 2014 nucleation mechanism likely leads to high uncertainty. More discussion of this might be useful in the light of developments to organic aerosol schemes in ADCHEM by the paper’s coauthors (e.g Roldin et al, Nat Comms 2019).
A table of the NPF mechanisms in ADCHEM, and in general a more detailed description of how ADCHEM simulates particle formation and growth and how fair the comparison with a climate model is, would be useful.
The differences between the CLUST schemes are described, but the value of including two EC-Earth simulations with different CLUST NPF mechanisms would be greater if differences (or similarities) between the behaviour of the simulations (ie the number of particles formed) with these schemes were discussed in the text.
I liked Figure 3 in principle, but it could be tidied up a bit with larger labels, especially the colorbar. Also just reading the caption I was a bit confused why ADCHEM had no aerosols at Hyytiala but did have the data at Hyltemossa (maybe just add to the caption “, while for Hyltemossa the simulation was run from to ”).
Figure 4 also needs larger labels.
The sudden discontinunities in the aerosol size distribution around midday each day are attributed to the coupling of the chemical transport model to IFS. This is interesting. Because NPF is nonlinear, you would expect a systematic bias to result. Can this be studied further? How hard would it be to increase the frequency of the coupling?
Line 315 and elsewhere: sentences could be improved, a number of typos to fix.