Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11469-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11469-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
Research article
 | 
29 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 29 Sep 2025

Banked CFC-11 contributes to an unforeseen emission rise and sets back progress towards carbon neutrality

Heping Liu, Huabo Duan, Ning Zhang, Ruichang Mao, Travis Reed Miller, Ming Xu, Jiakuan Yang, and Yin Ma

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Short summary
This study re-evaluates emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) by employing a bottom-up dynamic material flow analysis model spanning from 1950 to 2100, at both global and regional scales. By investigating variations in the lifespan of end-use products, end-of-life handling practices, and emission factors, we partially reconcile the discrepancies between bottom-up inventories and top-down observational data.
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