Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11317-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11317-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 18
Research article
 | 
25 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 25 Sep 2025

Homogeneous ice nucleation in adsorbed water films: a theoretical approach

Ari Laaksonen, Golnaz Roudsari, Ana A. Piedehierro, and André Welti

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Short summary
The mechanisms of ice nucleation at temperatures below 235 K have remained unclear for the past century. We suggest that ice nucleation is caused by the freezing of water adsorbed on aerosol surfaces. To test this hypothesis, we derived theoretical equations to predict the exact atmospheric conditions under which ice nucleation occurs. Our predictions agree well with experiments. The new theory thus provides a basis for an improved description of ice nucleation in the atmosphere.
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