Articles | Volume 25, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10109-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10109-2025
Research article
 | 
09 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 09 Sep 2025

Covariability of dynamics and composition in the Asian monsoon tropopause layer from satellite observations and reanalysis products

Shenglong Zhang, Jiao Chen, Jonathon S. Wright, Sean M. Davis, Jie Gao, Paul Konopka, Ninghui Li, Mengqian Lu, Susann Tegtmeier, Xiaolu Yan, Guang J. Zhang, and Nuanliang Zhu

Data sets

MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Water Vapor (H2O) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V005 A. Lambert et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/MLS/DATA/3508

MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Ozone (O3) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V005 M. Schwartz et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/MLS/DATA/3516

MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Carbon Monoxide (CO) Mixing Ratio 995 on Assorted Grids V005 M. Schwartz et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/Aura/MLS/DATA/3506

M2-SCREAM: 3d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Model-Level,Assimilation,Assimilated Constituent Fields,Replayed MERRA-2 Meteorological Fields GMAO https://doi.org/10.5067/7PR3XRD6Q3NQ

MERRA-2 inst3_3d_asm_Nv: 3d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Model-Level,Assimilation,Assimilated Meteorological Fields V5.12.4 GMAO https://doi.org/10.5067/WWQSXQ8IVFW8

MERRA-2 inst3_3d_chm_Nv: 3d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Model-Level,Assimilation,Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Mixing Ratio V5.12.4 GMAO https://doi.org/10.5067/HO9OVZWF3KW2

MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_rad_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Radiation Diagnostics V5.12.4 GMAO https://doi.org/10.5067/Q9QMY5PBNV1T

MERRA-2 tavg3_3d_tdt_Np: 3d,3-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Pressure-Level,Assimilation,Temperature Tendencies V5.12.4 GMAO https://doi.org/10.5067/9NCR9DDDOPFI

Complete ERA5 from 1940: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.143582cf

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

The Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century JMA https://doi.org/10.20783/DIAS.645

CAMS global reanalysis (EAC4) Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service https://doi.org/10.24381/d58bbf47

The Quasi-Biennial-Oscillation (QBO) KIT https://www.atmohub.kit.edu/english/807.php

NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce: NOAA NCEI Extended Reconstructed 940 Sea Surface Temperature National Centers for Environmental Information https://doi.org/10.5065/JZ08-3W17

Short summary
Swirling above summer storms, the Asian monsoon anticyclone functions as both gateway and gatekeeper to moisture entering the stratosphere. Although well monitored from space since 2005, many details of the anticyclone and the air that flows through it remain mysterious. Reanalyses, which combine model output and observations, may help to address how and why but only if they reliably capture the what and where of water vapor variations. Current reanalyses are beginning to meet these criteria.
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