Articles | Volume 24, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Insights into the sources of ultrafine particle numbers at six European urban sites obtained by investigating COVID-19 lockdowns
Alex Rowell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
James Brean
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
David C. S. Beddows
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Tuukka Petäjä
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Máté Vörösmarty
Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
Imre Salma
Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
Jarkko V. Niemi
Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
Hanna E. Manninen
Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
Dominik van Pinxteren
Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Thomas Tuch
Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Kay Weinhold
Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Zongbo Shi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Cited
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wide-Positive Matrix Factorisation of particle number size distributions: A new approach accounting for cyclically changing source profiles D. Beddows et al.
- Winter emission factors of ultrafine total and solid particle numbers and PM2.5 near a major arterial road in Tokyo H. Hagino
- Distinct bimodal size distribution in number concentration and light absorption of sub-500 nm brown carbon particles H. Zhong et al.
- Traffic-Emitted Amines Promote New Particle Formation at Roadsides J. Brean et al.
- An insight into recent PM1 aerosol light scattering properties and particle number concentration variabilities at the suburban site ATOLL in Northern France L. Suchánková et al.
- Concentrations and Estimation of Sources of Ultrafine Particles in the City of Belgrade at Ada Marina Urban Background Site Ž. Ćirović et al.
- New Particle Formation and Source Apportionment of Particle Number Size Distribution in the Urban Area of the City of Belgrade Ž. Ćirović et al.
- Types of regional and localised new aerosol particle formation and growth processes: Atmospheric Banana Atlas I. Salma et al.
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wide-Positive Matrix Factorisation of particle number size distributions: A new approach accounting for cyclically changing source profiles D. Beddows et al.
- Winter emission factors of ultrafine total and solid particle numbers and PM2.5 near a major arterial road in Tokyo H. Hagino
- Distinct bimodal size distribution in number concentration and light absorption of sub-500 nm brown carbon particles H. Zhong et al.
- Traffic-Emitted Amines Promote New Particle Formation at Roadsides J. Brean et al.
- An insight into recent PM1 aerosol light scattering properties and particle number concentration variabilities at the suburban site ATOLL in Northern France L. Suchánková et al.
- Concentrations and Estimation of Sources of Ultrafine Particles in the City of Belgrade at Ada Marina Urban Background Site Ž. Ćirović et al.
- New Particle Formation and Source Apportionment of Particle Number Size Distribution in the Urban Area of the City of Belgrade Ž. Ćirović et al.
- Types of regional and localised new aerosol particle formation and growth processes: Atmospheric Banana Atlas I. Salma et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
Different sources of airborne particles in the atmospheres of four European cities were distinguished by recognising their particle size distributions using a statistical procedure, positive matrix factorisation. The various sources responded differently to the changes in emissions associated with COVID-19 lockdowns, and the reasons are investigated. While traffic emissions generally decreased, particles formed from reactions of atmospheric gases decreased in some cities but increased in others.
Different sources of airborne particles in the atmospheres of four European cities were...
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