Articles | Volume 24, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7309-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7309-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Jun 2024
Research article |
| 26 Jun 2024
| 26 Jun 2024
Revealing the significant acceleration of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions in eastern Asia through long-term atmospheric observations
Haklim Choi
Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Alison L. Redington
Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
Hyeri Park
Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Jooil Kim
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Rona L. Thompson
NILU – Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway
Jens Mühle
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Peter K. Salameh
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Christina M. Harth
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Ray F. Weiss
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Alistair J. Manning
Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Achievements and Future Prospects of Greenhouse Gas Research for Climate Change Monitoring in Korea S. Joo et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2025.41.2.281
- Unidentified Halon-2402 emissions in East Asia are driving the global trend H. Choi et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01399-4
- Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer Y. Ichikawa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010069
- Emissions of HFC-23 do not reflect commitments made under the Kigali Amendment B. Adam et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01946-y
- Global Observations and European emissions of the halogenated olefins HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), and HCFO-1233zd(E) from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network M. Vollmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6993-2026
- Upcycling Hydrofluorocarbons to Valuable Bis(perfluoroalkyl)carbinols via Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation H. Iwasaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.70015
- Emissions of HFC-134a in China and Reconciliation of Discrepancies between Observation-Based and Inventory-Based Emission Estimates M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02636
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in Southern China: High-Frequency Observations and Emission Estimates J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00219
- Inversion modelling shows increasing hydrofluorocarbon emissions https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01915-4
- Emissions of fully fluorinated greenhouse gases in central-eastern China inferred from atmospheric observations Q. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128330
- Exploring long-term scenarios for hydrofluorocarbon reduction policy options in South Korea M. Roh et al. https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2025.16.6.1377
- Significant shift of footprint patterns and pollutant source contributions: insights from observations at Shanghuang observatory, East China J. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad8369
- Engineering assessment of refrigerant recovery and emission control in automotive air-conditioning maintenance and end-of-life vehicle management J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202671501021
- Experimental and evaluation methods for miscibility of short chain olefin refrigerants with lubricating oil Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.07.031
- Observations and potential source regions of HFC-152a in southeastern China Y. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122562
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Achievements and Future Prospects of Greenhouse Gas Research for Climate Change Monitoring in Korea S. Joo et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2025.41.2.281
- Unidentified Halon-2402 emissions in East Asia are driving the global trend H. Choi et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01399-4
- Development and Application of a Cost–Effective Analytical Method for Hydrofluorocarbons Using Preconcentrator–Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer Y. Ichikawa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010069
- Emissions of HFC-23 do not reflect commitments made under the Kigali Amendment B. Adam et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01946-y
- Global Observations and European emissions of the halogenated olefins HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze(E), and HCFO-1233zd(E) from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network M. Vollmer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6993-2026
- Upcycling Hydrofluorocarbons to Valuable Bis(perfluoroalkyl)carbinols via Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation H. Iwasaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.70015
- Emissions of HFC-134a in China and Reconciliation of Discrepancies between Observation-Based and Inventory-Based Emission Estimates M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02636
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in Southern China: High-Frequency Observations and Emission Estimates J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00219
- Inversion modelling shows increasing hydrofluorocarbon emissions https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-026-01915-4
- Emissions of fully fluorinated greenhouse gases in central-eastern China inferred from atmospheric observations Q. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128330
- Exploring long-term scenarios for hydrofluorocarbon reduction policy options in South Korea M. Roh et al. https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2025.16.6.1377
- Significant shift of footprint patterns and pollutant source contributions: insights from observations at Shanghuang observatory, East China J. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad8369
- Engineering assessment of refrigerant recovery and emission control in automotive air-conditioning maintenance and end-of-life vehicle management J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202671501021
- Experimental and evaluation methods for miscibility of short chain olefin refrigerants with lubricating oil Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.07.031
- Observations and potential source regions of HFC-152a in southeastern China Y. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122562
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Jun 2026
Short summary
We analyzed with an inversion model the atmospheric abundance of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases, from 2008 to 2020 at Gosan station in South Korea and revealed a significant increase in emissions, especially from eastern China and Japan. This increase contradicts reported data, underscoring the need for accurate monitoring and reporting. Our findings are crucial for understanding and managing global HFCs emissions, highlighting the importance of efforts to reduce HFCs.
We analyzed with an inversion model the atmospheric abundance of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),...
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