Articles | Volume 24, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6663-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6663-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Jun 2024
Research article |
| 10 Jun 2024
| 10 Jun 2024
Isotopic composition of convective rainfall in the inland tropics of Brazil
Vinicius dos Santos
Environmental Studies Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13.506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Environmental Studies Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13.506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
Ana María Durán-Quesada
Escuela de Física & Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental & Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
Kazimierz Rozanski
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Oliver Kracht
International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
Demilson de Assis Quintão
São Paulo State University (UNESP), IPMet/Science College, Est. Mun. José Sandrin IPMET, S/N, 17.048-699, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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The eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai injected large amounts of water vapor and sea salt into the stratosphere, altering traditional views of volcanic aerosols. Using balloon-borne samplers, we collected aerosol samples and found high levels of sea salt and calcium, suggesting sulfate depletion due to gypsum formation. These findings highlight the need to consider sea salt in climate models to better predict volcanic impacts on the atmosphere and climate.
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Kraków is among the cities with the highest particulate matter levels within Europe. We conducted long-term and highly time-resolved measurements of the chemical composition of submicron particlulate matter (PM1). Combined with advanced source apportionment techniques, which allow for time-dependent factor profiles, our results elucidate that traffic and residential heating (biomass burning and coal combustion) as well as oxygenated organic aerosol are the key PM sources in Kraków.
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Deriving more quantitative climate information like relative air humidity is one of the key challenges in paleostudies. Often only qualitative reconstructions can be done when single-biomarker-isotope data are derived from a climate archive. However, the coupling of hemicellulose-derived sugar with leaf-wax-derived n-alkane isotope results has the potential to overcome this limitation and allow a quantitative relative air humidity reconstruction.
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Short summary
We present novel findings on convective rainfall, summer rain in the late afternoon, by coupling water stable isotopes, micro rain radar, and satellite data. We found the tallest clouds in the afternoon and much smaller clouds at night, resulting in differences in day–night ratios in water stable isotopes. We sampled rain and meteorological variables every 5–10 min, allowing us to evaluate the development of convective rainfall, contributing to knowledge of rainfall related to extreme events.
We present novel findings on convective rainfall, summer rain in the late afternoon, by coupling...
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