Articles | Volume 24, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3813-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3813-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Powering aircraft with 100 % sustainable aviation fuel reduces ice crystals in contrails
Raphael Satoru Märkl
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
Christiane Voigt
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
Daniel Sauer
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Rebecca Katharina Dischl
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
Stefan Kaufmann
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Theresa Harlaß
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Valerian Hahn
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
Anke Roiger
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Cornelius Weiß-Rehm
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Ulrike Burkhardt
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Ulrich Schumann
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Andreas Marsing
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Monika Scheibe
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Andreas Dörnbrack
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Charles Renard
Airbus Operations SAS, Toulouse, France
Maxime Gauthier
Airbus Operations SAS, Toulouse, France
Peter Swann
Rolls-Royce plc., Derby, UK
Paul Madden
Rolls-Royce plc., Derby, UK
Darren Luff
Rolls-Royce plc., Derby, UK
Reetu Sallinen
Neste Corporation, Innovation, Porvoo, Finland
Tobias Schripp
Institute of Combustion Technology, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Stuttgart, Germany
Patrick Le Clercq
Institute of Combustion Technology, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Stuttgart, Germany
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Cited
50 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Deep Learning-Based Contrail Segmentation in Thermal Infrared Satellite Cloud Images via Frequency-Domain Enhancement S. Shi et al.
- An updated microphysical model for particle activation in contrails: the role of volatile plume particles J. Ponsonby et al.
- Decarbonization of the aviation sector must address air quality concerns C. Grimes & R. Alvarez
- Numerical optimization of aviation decarbonization scenarios: balancing traffic and emissions with maturing energy carriers and aircraft technology I. Costa-Alves et al.
- Numerical study on preferential evaporation and combustion characteristic of SAF/Jet A spray flames stabilized in a laminar counter-flow Y. Zhang et al.
- Measurements of particle emissions of an A350-941 burning 100 % sustainable aviation fuels in cruise R. Dischl et al.
- Sustainable aviation fuel production via the methanol pathway: a technical review A. Elwalily et al.
- Sustainable Aviation Fuel Deployment Strategies in Europe: Supply Chain Implications and Climate Benefits E. Woeldgen et al.
- Numerical investigation of engine position effects on contrail formation and evolution in the near-field of a realistic aircraft configuration R. Annunziata et al.
- Reduced contrail radiative effect for fleets with low soot and water vapour emissions M. Rubin-Zuzic et al.
- On the Weather Impact of Contrails: New Insights from Coupled ICON–CoCiP Simulations U. Schumann & A. Seifert
- Investigating the oxidation characteristic of a hydro-processed bio-jet fuel: Experimental and modeling study Y. Liang et al.
- A double-box model for aircraft exhaust plumes based on the MADE3 aerosol microphysics (MADE3 v4.0) M. Sharma et al.
- Continued global warming from aviation even under high-ambition mitigation scenarios B. Aamaas et al.
- Hydrogen Propulsion Technologies for Aviation: A Review of Fuel Cell and Direct Combustion Systems Towards Decarbonising Medium-Haul Aircraft D. Gopalasingam et al.
- Revisiting Contrail Ice Formation: Impact of Primary Soot Particle Sizes and Contribution of Volatile Particles F. Yu et al.
- Lightweight climate models could be useful for assessing aviation mitigation strategies and moving beyond the CO2-equivalence metrics debate S. Arriolabengoa et al.
- Towards drop-in sustainable aviation fuels in aero engine combustors: Fuel effects on combustion performance C. Ruan et al.
- Characterization of emissions from a turbojet engine running on sustainable aviation fuels, blends and conventional jet A1 J. Moldanová et al.
- Willingness to pay for voluntary airline carbon offsets and sustainable aviation fuel D. Li et al.
- The climate opportunities and risks of contrail avoidance J. Smith et al.
- Sustainable propulsion and advanced energy-storage systems for net-zero aviation N. Ningappa et al.
- Comparative analysis of emission reduction and combustion performance in aviation engines: The role of sustainable aviation fuel L. Chen et al.
- GCxGC-Based iso-Alkane Subgrouping for Enhanced Compositional Analysis of Sustainable Aviation Fuels H. Lüdtke et al.
- Machine learning for improvement of upper-tropospheric relative humidity in ERA5 weather model data Z. Wang et al.
- Surrogate formulation for HEFA sustainable aviation fuels: a new approach based on pyrolysis experiments Y. Liang & J. Wang
- Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from a Small Business Jet Using Conventional Jet A-1 and a 30% SAF Blend L. Durdina et al.
- Segregated supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel to reduce contrail energy forcing – demonstration and potentials G. Quante et al.
- Evaluation of Current and Future Aviation Fuels at High-Pressure Rich-Quench-Lean-Type Combustor Conditions P. Griebel et al.
- Emission Reduction Potential of Hydrogen-Powered Aviation Between Airports in Proximity of Seaports N. Flüthmann et al.
- Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency S. Gössling et al.
- Overview of combustion and emission characteristics of sustainable aviation fuels and standard JET A-1 fuel A. Raji et al.
- The Optimization of Aviation Technologies and Design Strategies for a Carbon-Neutral Future Z. Xu et al.
- Substantial aircraft contrail formation at low soot emission levels C. Voigt et al.
- Trade-offs in aviation impacts on climate favour non-CO2 mitigation M. Prather et al.
- A generic life cycle assessment tool for overall aircraft design F. Pollet et al.
- A Model-Based Assessment of the Added Values of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids–Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Blends on Aircraft Performance, Emissions, and Safety S. Ruoff et al.
- Understanding the role of contrails and contrail cirrus in climate change: a global perspective D. Singh et al.
- Experimental Evaluation of Binary Iso-Dodecane/n-Dodecane Blends for Emulating Sooting Characteristics of Sustainable Aviation Fuels X. Xue et al.
- Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions U. Trivanovic & S. Pratsinis
- Fuel sulfur content can modulate contrail ice crystal numbers R. Dischl et al.
- Mapping the green aviation: A bibliometric analysis of green aviation research (1900–2025) F. Cao et al.
- High-resolution modeling of early contrail evolution from hydrogen-powered aircraft A. Lottermoser & S. Unterstrasser
- The effect of uncertainty in humidity and model parameters on the prediction of contrail energy forcing J. Platt et al.
- Environmental impacts of aviation-induced greenhouse gas emissions: a pre-to post COVID-19 analysis M. Akyuz & B. Ekmekci
- Aligning sustainable aviation fuel research with sustainable development goals: Trends and thematic analysis R. Raman et al.
- Ground-based contrail observations: comparisons with reanalysis weather data and contrail model simulations J. Low et al.
- Nanoscale insights into morphological and structural characteristics of soot particles emitted from general aviation engines burning sustainable aviation fuel Y. Cao et al.
- Transforming Aviation’s Impact on the Climate: Rethinking the Research Strategy S. Kallbekken et al.
- A comprehensive well-to-wake climate impact assessment of sustainable aviation fuel L. Boerboom et al.
50 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Deep Learning-Based Contrail Segmentation in Thermal Infrared Satellite Cloud Images via Frequency-Domain Enhancement S. Shi et al.
- An updated microphysical model for particle activation in contrails: the role of volatile plume particles J. Ponsonby et al.
- Decarbonization of the aviation sector must address air quality concerns C. Grimes & R. Alvarez
- Numerical optimization of aviation decarbonization scenarios: balancing traffic and emissions with maturing energy carriers and aircraft technology I. Costa-Alves et al.
- Numerical study on preferential evaporation and combustion characteristic of SAF/Jet A spray flames stabilized in a laminar counter-flow Y. Zhang et al.
- Measurements of particle emissions of an A350-941 burning 100 % sustainable aviation fuels in cruise R. Dischl et al.
- Sustainable aviation fuel production via the methanol pathway: a technical review A. Elwalily et al.
- Sustainable Aviation Fuel Deployment Strategies in Europe: Supply Chain Implications and Climate Benefits E. Woeldgen et al.
- Numerical investigation of engine position effects on contrail formation and evolution in the near-field of a realistic aircraft configuration R. Annunziata et al.
- Reduced contrail radiative effect for fleets with low soot and water vapour emissions M. Rubin-Zuzic et al.
- On the Weather Impact of Contrails: New Insights from Coupled ICON–CoCiP Simulations U. Schumann & A. Seifert
- Investigating the oxidation characteristic of a hydro-processed bio-jet fuel: Experimental and modeling study Y. Liang et al.
- A double-box model for aircraft exhaust plumes based on the MADE3 aerosol microphysics (MADE3 v4.0) M. Sharma et al.
- Continued global warming from aviation even under high-ambition mitigation scenarios B. Aamaas et al.
- Hydrogen Propulsion Technologies for Aviation: A Review of Fuel Cell and Direct Combustion Systems Towards Decarbonising Medium-Haul Aircraft D. Gopalasingam et al.
- Revisiting Contrail Ice Formation: Impact of Primary Soot Particle Sizes and Contribution of Volatile Particles F. Yu et al.
- Lightweight climate models could be useful for assessing aviation mitigation strategies and moving beyond the CO2-equivalence metrics debate S. Arriolabengoa et al.
- Towards drop-in sustainable aviation fuels in aero engine combustors: Fuel effects on combustion performance C. Ruan et al.
- Characterization of emissions from a turbojet engine running on sustainable aviation fuels, blends and conventional jet A1 J. Moldanová et al.
- Willingness to pay for voluntary airline carbon offsets and sustainable aviation fuel D. Li et al.
- The climate opportunities and risks of contrail avoidance J. Smith et al.
- Sustainable propulsion and advanced energy-storage systems for net-zero aviation N. Ningappa et al.
- Comparative analysis of emission reduction and combustion performance in aviation engines: The role of sustainable aviation fuel L. Chen et al.
- GCxGC-Based iso-Alkane Subgrouping for Enhanced Compositional Analysis of Sustainable Aviation Fuels H. Lüdtke et al.
- Machine learning for improvement of upper-tropospheric relative humidity in ERA5 weather model data Z. Wang et al.
- Surrogate formulation for HEFA sustainable aviation fuels: a new approach based on pyrolysis experiments Y. Liang & J. Wang
- Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from a Small Business Jet Using Conventional Jet A-1 and a 30% SAF Blend L. Durdina et al.
- Segregated supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel to reduce contrail energy forcing – demonstration and potentials G. Quante et al.
- Evaluation of Current and Future Aviation Fuels at High-Pressure Rich-Quench-Lean-Type Combustor Conditions P. Griebel et al.
- Emission Reduction Potential of Hydrogen-Powered Aviation Between Airports in Proximity of Seaports N. Flüthmann et al.
- Large carbon dioxide emissions avoidance potential in improved commercial air transport efficiency S. Gössling et al.
- Overview of combustion and emission characteristics of sustainable aviation fuels and standard JET A-1 fuel A. Raji et al.
- The Optimization of Aviation Technologies and Design Strategies for a Carbon-Neutral Future Z. Xu et al.
- Substantial aircraft contrail formation at low soot emission levels C. Voigt et al.
- Trade-offs in aviation impacts on climate favour non-CO2 mitigation M. Prather et al.
- A generic life cycle assessment tool for overall aircraft design F. Pollet et al.
- A Model-Based Assessment of the Added Values of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids–Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Blends on Aircraft Performance, Emissions, and Safety S. Ruoff et al.
- Understanding the role of contrails and contrail cirrus in climate change: a global perspective D. Singh et al.
- Experimental Evaluation of Binary Iso-Dodecane/n-Dodecane Blends for Emulating Sooting Characteristics of Sustainable Aviation Fuels X. Xue et al.
- Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions U. Trivanovic & S. Pratsinis
- Fuel sulfur content can modulate contrail ice crystal numbers R. Dischl et al.
- Mapping the green aviation: A bibliometric analysis of green aviation research (1900–2025) F. Cao et al.
- High-resolution modeling of early contrail evolution from hydrogen-powered aircraft A. Lottermoser & S. Unterstrasser
- The effect of uncertainty in humidity and model parameters on the prediction of contrail energy forcing J. Platt et al.
- Environmental impacts of aviation-induced greenhouse gas emissions: a pre-to post COVID-19 analysis M. Akyuz & B. Ekmekci
- Aligning sustainable aviation fuel research with sustainable development goals: Trends and thematic analysis R. Raman et al.
- Ground-based contrail observations: comparisons with reanalysis weather data and contrail model simulations J. Low et al.
- Nanoscale insights into morphological and structural characteristics of soot particles emitted from general aviation engines burning sustainable aviation fuel Y. Cao et al.
- Transforming Aviation’s Impact on the Climate: Rethinking the Research Strategy S. Kallbekken et al.
- A comprehensive well-to-wake climate impact assessment of sustainable aviation fuel L. Boerboom et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 06 May 2026
Short summary
In situ measurements of contrails from a large passenger aircraft burning 100 % sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) show a 56 % reduction in contrail ice crystal numbers compared to conventional Jet A-1. Results from a climate model initialized with the observations suggest a significant decrease in radiative forcing from contrails. Our study confirms that future increased use of low aromatic SAF can reduce the climate impact from aviation.
In situ measurements of contrails from a large passenger aircraft burning 100 % sustainable...
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