Articles | Volume 24, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2024
| 04 Mar 2024
Chemical composition, sources and formation mechanism of urban PM2.5 in Southwest China: a case study at the beginning of 2023
Junke Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Yunfei Su
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Chunying Chen
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Wenkai Guo
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Qinwen Tan
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
Miao Feng
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
Danlin Song
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
Tao Jiang
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
Qiang Chen
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
Yuan Li
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
Wei Li
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
Yizhi Wang
Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
Xiaojuan Huang
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Lin Han
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
Wanqing Wu
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
Gehui Wang
Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Cited
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A new strategy for fine-scale identification of urban PM2.5 spatial patterns and air quality assessment: a case study of the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi Region Y. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07704-8
- A Physics-Constrained Deep-Learning Framework based on Long-Term Remote-Sensing Data for Retrieving Vertical Distribution of PM2.5 Chemical Components H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2225-2026
- Chemical composition, source apportionment and formation mechanisms of PM2.5 in urban and background areas of northwestern China K. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102734
- Microscopic Characterization of Individual Aerosol Particles in a Typical Industrial City and Its Surrounding Rural Areas in China Y. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070525
- Hybrid framework for improved PM2.5 prediction based on seasonal-trend decomposition and tailored component processing D. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04597-x
- Impact of circulation and topography on the accumulation and dissipation of regional PM2.5 pollution in the Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China X. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108788
- Assessing the Association Between Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions and Severe PM2.5 and Ozone Pollution Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17020194
- Measurement report: Molecular composition, sources, and evolution of atmospheric organic aerosols in a basin city in China J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8983-2025
- Response of imidazole-containing particles to emission reduction policies in China: Insights from observations in a megacity in the Sichuan Basin C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.02.047
- Characterization of PM2.5 composition and mixing state during haze events in Chengdu using Micro-Raman spectroscopy F. Xing et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102411
- Post-War Air Quality Index in Mosul City, Iraq: Does War Still Have an Impact on Air Quality Today? Z. Altahaan & D. Dobslaw https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020135
- Highly viscous phase behavior of organic-rich urban PM2.5 A. Ullah et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7311-2026
- Chemical characterization and source identification of PM2.5 at Baengnyeongdo Island, South korea: Three-year dynamics (2019–2021) A. Afzal et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01854-w
- 武汉城市圈人为源排放PM<sub>2.5</sub>高分辨率清单估算及时空演变 D. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2025.169
- Influence of Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes on PM<sub>10</sub> Concentrations in Central Korea in Spring 2000-2024 J. Cho & H. Kim https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2025.46.4.303
- Atmospheric Nitrogen-Containing Organic Aerosols in Wintertime Sichuan Basin of China: A Key Role of Aqueous-Phase Process in Secondary Production and Optical Absorption L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c05422
- Synergistic and Trade-Off Influences of Combined PM2.5-O3 Pollution in the Shenyang Metropolitan Area, China: A Comparative Land Use Regression Analysis T. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178046
- Analysis of aerosol chemical components and source apportionment during a long-lasting haze event in the Yangtze River Delta, China Z. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.06.023
- A TEM–based Study of Individual Aerosol Particles in an Urban Forest Park Across Autumn and Winter Z. CHENG et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/EE.1672-9250.2025.53.013
- Dynamic oxidative potential of organic matter and their source-specific key toxicants during haze episodes in North China F. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2026.110166
- Unveiling the causes of winter haze in southern Sichuan via observations and explainable machine learning G. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121728
- Expectorant Effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam Root Extracts on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Mice J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010099
- Change point detection in skew-normal joint location and scale model based on MIC criterion and its application in the air quality index data from Chengdu T. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2025.2594698
- Is there a glymphatic pathway to environmental risk in neurodevelopmental disorders? M. Costa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2025.107578
- The logic of pollution has changed: a new paradigm of PM2.5 exposure dominated by human footprints H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-026-09876-2
- High prevalence of nitrogen-containing compounds in organic aerosols along an elevation gradient (500–3100 m a.s.l.) in the Sichuan Basin, China R. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109090
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A new strategy for fine-scale identification of urban PM2.5 spatial patterns and air quality assessment: a case study of the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi Region Y. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07704-8
- A Physics-Constrained Deep-Learning Framework based on Long-Term Remote-Sensing Data for Retrieving Vertical Distribution of PM2.5 Chemical Components H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2225-2026
- Chemical composition, source apportionment and formation mechanisms of PM2.5 in urban and background areas of northwestern China K. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102734
- Microscopic Characterization of Individual Aerosol Particles in a Typical Industrial City and Its Surrounding Rural Areas in China Y. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070525
- Hybrid framework for improved PM2.5 prediction based on seasonal-trend decomposition and tailored component processing D. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04597-x
- Impact of circulation and topography on the accumulation and dissipation of regional PM2.5 pollution in the Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China X. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108788
- Assessing the Association Between Unfavorable Meteorological Conditions and Severe PM2.5 and Ozone Pollution Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17020194
- Measurement report: Molecular composition, sources, and evolution of atmospheric organic aerosols in a basin city in China J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8983-2025
- Response of imidazole-containing particles to emission reduction policies in China: Insights from observations in a megacity in the Sichuan Basin C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.02.047
- Characterization of PM2.5 composition and mixing state during haze events in Chengdu using Micro-Raman spectroscopy F. Xing et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102411
- Post-War Air Quality Index in Mosul City, Iraq: Does War Still Have an Impact on Air Quality Today? Z. Altahaan & D. Dobslaw https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020135
- Highly viscous phase behavior of organic-rich urban PM2.5 A. Ullah et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7311-2026
- Chemical characterization and source identification of PM2.5 at Baengnyeongdo Island, South korea: Three-year dynamics (2019–2021) A. Afzal et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01854-w
- 武汉城市圈人为源排放PM<sub>2.5</sub>高分辨率清单估算及时空演变 D. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2025.169
- Influence of Near-Surface Wind Speed Changes on PM<sub>10</sub> Concentrations in Central Korea in Spring 2000-2024 J. Cho & H. Kim https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2025.46.4.303
- Atmospheric Nitrogen-Containing Organic Aerosols in Wintertime Sichuan Basin of China: A Key Role of Aqueous-Phase Process in Secondary Production and Optical Absorption L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c05422
- Synergistic and Trade-Off Influences of Combined PM2.5-O3 Pollution in the Shenyang Metropolitan Area, China: A Comparative Land Use Regression Analysis T. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178046
- Analysis of aerosol chemical components and source apportionment during a long-lasting haze event in the Yangtze River Delta, China Z. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.06.023
- A TEM–based Study of Individual Aerosol Particles in an Urban Forest Park Across Autumn and Winter Z. CHENG et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/EE.1672-9250.2025.53.013
- Dynamic oxidative potential of organic matter and their source-specific key toxicants during haze episodes in North China F. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2026.110166
- Unveiling the causes of winter haze in southern Sichuan via observations and explainable machine learning G. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121728
- Expectorant Effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam Root Extracts on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Mice J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010099
- Change point detection in skew-normal joint location and scale model based on MIC criterion and its application in the air quality index data from Chengdu T. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2025.2594698
- Is there a glymphatic pathway to environmental risk in neurodevelopmental disorders? M. Costa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2025.107578
- The logic of pollution has changed: a new paradigm of PM2.5 exposure dominated by human footprints H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-026-09876-2
- High prevalence of nitrogen-containing compounds in organic aerosols along an elevation gradient (500–3100 m a.s.l.) in the Sichuan Basin, China R. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109090
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jul 2026
Short summary
Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and single-particle analyses along with numerical model simulations. By integrating the obtained chemical composition, source, mixing state and numerical simulation results, we infer that Haze-1 was mainly caused by pollutants related to fossil fuel combustion, especially local mobile sources, while Haze-2 was triggered by the secondary pollutants, which mainly came from regional transmission.
Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and...
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