Articles | Volume 24, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12807-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Nov 2024
Research article |
| 19 Nov 2024
| 19 Nov 2024
Diurnal variation in an amplified canopy urban heat island during heat wave periods in the megacity of Beijing: roles of mountain–valley breeze and urban morphology
Tao Shi
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling University, Tongling, 244000, China
Yuanjian Yang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Ping Qi
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling University, Tongling, 244000, China
Simone Lolli
CNR-IMAA, Contrada S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy
Related authors
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2785, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2785, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Using Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road, the team combined data and models. Heatwave results: canopy heat island was 91.3 % stronger day/52.7 % night. Day heat relied on building coverage, night on sky visibility. Tall buildings block sun by day, trap heat at night. Night ventilation cools, day winds spread heat. Urban design must consider day-night cycles to fight extreme heat, guiding risk reduction.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Lian Zong, Min Guo, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4989–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explored the daily temperature patterns in urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta, focusing on how weather and human activities impact these patterns. We found that temperatures were higher at night, and weather patterns had a bigger impact during the day, while human activities mattered more at night. This helps us understand and address urban overheating.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Zuofang Zheng, Yucheng Zi, Ye Tian, Lei Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study found that CG lightning tends to cluster around the outer boundaries of large cities, but gathers within small cities. The urban underlying surface can contribute to the separation of cold pools, weakening vertical airflow, and triggering thunderstorm bifurcation. The density of buildings also influences the barrier effect. This research provides a foundation for predicting and assessing urban CG lightning risks.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2785, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2785, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Using Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road, the team combined data and models. Heatwave results: canopy heat island was 91.3 % stronger day/52.7 % night. Day heat relied on building coverage, night on sky visibility. Tall buildings block sun by day, trap heat at night. Night ventilation cools, day winds spread heat. Urban design must consider day-night cycles to fight extreme heat, guiding risk reduction.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Lian Zong, Min Guo, Ping Qi, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4989–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4989-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explored the daily temperature patterns in urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta, focusing on how weather and human activities impact these patterns. We found that temperatures were higher at night, and weather patterns had a bigger impact during the day, while human activities mattered more at night. This helps us understand and address urban overheating.
Tianwen Wei, Mengya Wang, Kenan Wu, Jinlong Yuan, Haiyun Xia, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1841–1857, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes three years of wind lidar measurements to explore the dynamics of the urban planetary boundary layer in Hefei, China. Results reveal that nocturnal low-level jets are most frequent in spring and intensify in summer, significantly enhancing turbulence and shear near the surface, particularly at night. Additionally, cloud cover raises the mixing layer height by approximately 100 m at night due to the greenhouse effect but reduces it by up to 200 m in the afternoon.
Bo Zheng, Jason Blake Cohen, Lingxiao Lu, Wei Hu, Pravash Tiwari, Simone Lolli, Andrea Garzelli, Hui Su, and Kai Qin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1446, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides TROPOMI with a new methane emission estimation method that can accurately identify emission sources. Our results generate non-negative emission datasets using objective selection and filtering methods. The results include lower minimum emission thresholds for all power grids and fewer false positives. The new method provides more robust emission quantification in the face of data uncertainty, going beyond traditional plume identification and background subtraction.
Simone Lolli, Erica K. Dolinar, Jasper R. Lewis, Andreu Salcedo-Bosch, James R. Campbell, and Ellsworth J. Welton
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1237, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1237, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds strongly influence Earth's climate by changing how sunlight is reflected or absorbed. We studied thin, high-altitude clouds using radar-laser measurements collected over twenty years at NASA GSFC. Our findings show these clouds increasingly trap heat, partly because of shrinking snow and ice cover. This trend could further accelerate warming locally, underlining the need for accurate cloud observations to improve climate forecasts and strategies to respond to climate change.
Fengjiao Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Lu Yu, Yang Li, Weiguang Liu, Yan Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1587–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1587-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The microphysical mechanisms of precipitation responsible for the varied impacts of aerosol particles on shallow precipitation remain unclear. This study reveals that coarse aerosol particles invigorate shallow rainfall through enhanced coalescence processes, whereas fine aerosol particles suppress shallow rainfall through intensified microphysical breaks. These impacts are independent of thermodynamic environments but are more significant in low-humidity conditions.
Chaman Gul, Shichang Kang, Yuanjian Yang, Xinlei Ge, and Dong Guo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1144, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term variations in upper atmospheric temperature and water vapor in the selected domains of time and space are presented. The temperature during the past two decades showed a cooling trend and water vapor showed an increasing trend and had an inverse relation with temperature in selected domains of space and time. Seasonal temperature variations are distinct, with a summer minimum and a winter maximum. Our results can be an early warning indication for future climate change.
Tao Shi, Yuanjian Yang, Gaopeng Lu, Zuofang Zheng, Yucheng Zi, Ye Tian, Lei Liu, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
This study found that CG lightning tends to cluster around the outer boundaries of large cities, but gathers within small cities. The urban underlying surface can contribute to the separation of cold pools, weakening vertical airflow, and triggering thunderstorm bifurcation. The density of buildings also influences the barrier effect. This research provides a foundation for predicting and assessing urban CG lightning risks.
Cristina Gil-Díaz, Michäel Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Daniel Camilo Fortunato dos Santos Oliveira, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Jasper R. Lewis, Ellsworth J. Welton, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1197–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, a statistical study of cirrus geometrical and optical properties based on 4 years of continuous ground-based lidar measurements with the Barcelona (Spain) Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) is analysed. The cloud optical depth, effective column lidar ratio and linear cloud depolarisation ratio have been calculated by a new approach to the two-way transmittance method, which is valid for both ground-based and spaceborne lidar systems. Their associated errors are also provided.
Simone Lolli, Michaël Sicard, Francesco Amato, Adolfo Comeron, Cristina Gíl-Diaz, Tony C. Landi, Constantino Munoz-Porcar, Daniel Oliveira, Federico Dios Otin, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Alejandro Rodriguez-Gomez, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Cristina Reche
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12887–12906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12887-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the long-term trends and seasonal variability of the vertically resolved aerosol properties over the past 17 years in Barcelona. Results shows that air quality is improved, with a consistent drop in PM concentrations at the surface, as well as the column aerosol optical depth. The results also show that natural dust outbreaks are more likely in summer, with aerosols reaching an altitude of 5 km, while in winter, aerosols decay as an exponential with a scale height of 600 m.
Yuan Wang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Tongwen Li, Yuanjian Yang, Siqin Zhou, and Liangpei Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3597–3622, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a novel spatiotemporally self-supervised fusion method to establish long-term daily seamless global XCO2 and XCH4 products. Results show that the proposed method achieves a satisfactory accuracy that distinctly exceeds that of CAMS-EGG4 and is superior or close to those of GOSAT and OCO-2. In particular, our fusion method can effectively correct the large biases in CAMS-EGG4 due to the issues from assimilation data, such as the unadjusted anthropogenic emission for COVID-19.
Yilin Chen, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1279–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area suffers from summertime air pollution events related to typhoons. The present study leverages machine learning to predict typhoon-associated air quality over the area. The model evaluation shows that the model performs excellently. Moreover, the change in meteorological drivers of air quality on typhoon days and non-typhoon days suggests that air pollution control strategies should have different focuses on typhoon days and non-typhoon days.
Hui Zhang, Ming Luo, Yongquan Zhao, Lijie Lin, Erjia Ge, Yuanjian Yang, Guicai Ning, Jing Cong, Zhaoliang Zeng, Ke Gui, Jing Li, Ting On Chan, Xiang Li, Sijia Wu, Peng Wang, and Xiaoyu Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 359–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-359-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-359-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generate the first monthly high-resolution (1 km) human thermal index collection (HiTIC-Monthly) in China over 2003–2020, in which 12 human-perceived temperature indices are generated by LightGBM. The HiTIC-Monthly dataset has a high accuracy (R2 = 0.996, RMSE = 0.693 °C, MAE = 0.512 °C) and describes explicit spatial variations for fine-scale studies. It is freely available at https://zenodo.org/record/6895533 and https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/disallow/036e67b7-7a3a-4229-956f-40b8cd11871d.
Fan Wang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Jing Wang, Bin Chen, Bo Huang, Yuguo Li, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13341–13353, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Unprecedented urbanization in China has led to serious urban heat island (UHI) issues, exerting intense heat stress on urban residents. We find diverse influences of aerosol pollution on urban heat island intensity (UHII) under different circulations. Our results also highlight the role of black carbon in aggravating UHI, especially during nighttime. It could thus be targeted for cooperative management of heat islands and aerosol pollution.
Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Qing Xu, Shaohui Zhou, Kai Qin, and Yuanjian Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4153–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Land–atmosphere interactions over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China are becoming more varied and complex, as the area is experiencing rapid land use changes. In this paper, we describe a dataset of microclimate and eddy covariance variables at four sites in the YRD. This dataset has potential use cases in multiple research fields, such as boundary layer parametrization schemes, evaluation of remote sensing algorithms, and development of climate models in typical East Asian monsoon regions.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Haiyun Xia, Meng Gao, Zhaobin Sun, Zuofang Zheng, Xianxiang Li, Guicai Ning, Yubin Li, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6523–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heatwaves (HWs) paired with higher ozone (O3) concentration at surface level pose a serious threat to human health. Taking Beijing as an example, three unfavorable synoptic weather patterns were identified to dominate the compound HW and O3 pollution events. Under the synergistic stress of HWs and O3 pollution, public mortality risk increased, and synoptic patterns and urbanization enhanced the compound risk of events in Beijing by 33.09 % and 18.95 %, respectively.
Shaohui Zhou, Yuanjian Yang, Zhiqiu Gao, Xingya Xi, Zexia Duan, and Yubin Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 757–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our research has determined the possible relationship between Weibull natural wind mesoscale parameter c and shape factor k with height under the conditions of a desert steppe terrain in northern China, which has great potential in wind power generation. We have gained an enhanced understanding of the seasonal changes in the surface roughness of the desert grassland and the changes in the incoming wind direction.
Shihan Chen, Yuanjian Yang, Fei Deng, Yanhao Zhang, Duanyang Liu, Chao Liu, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 735–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for evaluating canopy UHI intensity (CUHII) at high resolution by using remote sensing data and machine learning with a random forest (RF) model. The spatial distribution of CUHII was evaluated at 30 m resolution based on the output of the RF model. The present RF model framework for real-time monitoring and assessment of high-resolution CUHII provides scientific support for studying the changes and causes of CUHII.
Xinyan Li, Yuanjian Yang, Jiaqin Mi, Xueyan Bi, You Zhao, Zehao Huang, Chao Liu, Lian Zong, and Wanju Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7007–7023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7007-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7007-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A random forest (RF) model framework for Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) daytime and nighttime quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is established using FY-4A multi-band spectral information, cloud parameters, high-density precipitation observations and physical quantities from reanalysis data. The RF model of FY-4A QPE has a high accuracy in estimating precipitation at the heavy-rain level or below, which has advantages for quantitative estimation of summer precipitation over East Asia in future.
Lian Zong, Yuanjian Yang, Meng Gao, Hong Wang, Peng Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Linlin Wang, Guicai Ning, Chao Liu, Yubin Li, and Zhiqiu Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9105–9124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, summer O3 pollution over eastern China has become more serious, and it is even the case that surface O3 and PM2.5 pollution can co-occur. However, the synoptic weather pattern (SWP) related to this compound pollution remains unclear. Regional PM2.5 and O3 compound pollution is characterized by various SWPs with different dominant factors. Our findings provide insights into the regional co-occurring high PM2.5 and O3 levels via the effects of certain meteorological factors.
Gemine Vivone, Giuseppe D'Amico, Donato Summa, Simone Lolli, Aldo Amodeo, Daniele Bortoli, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4249–4265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4249-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4249-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a methodology to retrieve the atmospheric boundary layer height from elastic and multi-wavelength lidar observations that uses a new approach based on morphological image processing techniques. The intercomparison with other state-of-the-art algorithms shows on average 30 % improved performance. The algorithm also shows excellent performance with respect to the running time, i.e., just few seconds to execute the whole signal processing chain over 72 h of continuous measurements.
Jasper R. Lewis, James R. Campbell, Sebastian A. Stewart, Ivy Tan, Ellsworth J. Welton, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6901–6913, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6901-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, the authors describe a process to determine the thermodynamic cloud phase using the Micro Pulse Lidar Network volume depolarization ratio measurements and temperature profiles from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GEOS-5 model. A multi-year analysis and comparisons to supercooled liquid water fractions derived from CALIPSO satellite measurements are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
Ziqiang Ma, Jintao Xu, Siyu Zhu, Jun Yang, Guoqiang Tang, Yuanjian Yang, Zhou Shi, and Yang Hong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1525–1544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1525-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1525-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the potential drawbacks in generating the state-of-the-art IMERG data in both the TRMM and GPM era, a new daily calibration algorithm on IMERG was proposed, as well as a new AIMERG precipitation dataset (0.1°/half-hourly, 2000–2015, Asia) with better quality than IMERG for Asian scientific research and applications. The proposed daily calibration algorithm for GPM is promising and applicable in generating the future IMERG in either an operational scheme or a retrospective manner.
Linlin Wang, Junkai Liu, Zhiqiu Gao, Yubin Li, Meng Huang, Sihui Fan, Xiaoye Zhang, Yuanjian Yang, Shiguang Miao, Han Zou, Yele Sun, Yong Chen, and Ting Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6949–6967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6949-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6949-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Urban boundary layer (UBL) affects the physical and chemical processes of the pollutants, and UBL structure can also be altered by pollutants. This paper presents the interactions between air pollution and the UBL structure by using the field data mainly collected from a 325 m meteorology tower, as well as from a Doppler wind lidar, during a severe heavy pollution event that occurred during 1–4 December 2016 in Beijing.
Mayra I. Oyola, James R. Campbell, Peng Xian, Anthony Bucholtz, Richard A. Ferrare, Sharon P. Burton, Olga Kalashnikova, Benjamin C. Ruston, and Simone Lolli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 205–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-205-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We conceptualized the aerosol radiative impact of an inline aerosol analysis field coupled with a global meteorological forecast system utilizing NAAPS and NAVGEM analysis and surface albedo fields. Model simulations were compared with in situ validation data collected during the NASA 2013 SEAC4RS experiment. Instantaneous heating rates peaked around 7 K day-1 in the lower part of the troposphere, while the HSRL profiles resulted in values of up to 18 K day-1 in the in the mid-troposphere.
Fabio Madonna, Marco Rosoldi, Simone Lolli, Francesco Amato, Joshua Vande Hey, Ranvir Dhillon, Yunhui Zheng, Mike Brettle, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2459–2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2459-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2459-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The accurate monitoring of climate based on the use of low-cost and low-maintenance automatic system represents one of the challenges for the scientific community and instrument manufacturers for the next decade. In the frame of two experiments, INTERACT and INTERACT-II, taking place at CIAO (CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory) in Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy, commercial low-cost lidars have been compared with advanced lidar systems to assess their performances.
Simone Lolli, Fabio Madonna, Marco Rosoldi, James R. Campbell, Ellsworth J. Welton, Jasper R. Lewis, Yu Gu, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1639-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1639-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the comparability of aerosol and cloud vertically resolved optical properties obtained with varying lidar profiling techniques and/or data processing methodologies. The discrepancies are assessed by evaluating climate-sensitive direct radiative effects, computed by radiative transfer code means. Results show important discrepancies up to 0.8 W m−2 due to lidar data smoothing in cirrus clouds and a 0.05 W m−2 difference between Raman and elastic lidar technique on a dust layer aloft.
Simone Lolli, James R. Campbell, Jasper R. Lewis, Yu Gu, and Ellsworth J. Welton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7025–7034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7025-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7025-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We compare net TOA radiative forcing between the simplified Corti–Peter (CP) and relatively complex Fu–Liou–Gu models for cirrus clouds observed by NASA MPLNET at Singapore in 2010–11 and Greenbelt, Maryland, in 2012. We find daytime forcing discrepancies up to 65 % between the two, which is greater than previous studies. In some cases, the sign of net TOA daytime forcing also differs. We attribute model differences to numerical simplifications in CP via regression that are not valid globally.
Jeffrey S. Reid, Peng Xian, Brent N. Holben, Edward J. Hyer, Elizabeth A. Reid, Santo V. Salinas, Jianglong Zhang, James R. Campbell, Boon Ning Chew, Robert E. Holz, Arunas P. Kuciauskas, Nofel Lagrosas, Derek J. Posselt, Charles R. Sampson, Annette L. Walker, E. Judd Welton, and Chidong Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14041–14056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14041-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes aspects of the 2012 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) operations period, the largest within the Maritime Continent. Included were an enhanced deployment of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers, multiple lidars, and a Singapore supersite. Simultaneously, a ship was dispatched to the Palawan Archipelago and Sulu Sea of the Philippines for September 2012 to observe transported smoke and pollution as it entered the southwest monsoon trough.
Jeffrey S. Reid, Nofel D. Lagrosas, Haflidi H. Jonsson, Elizabeth A. Reid, Samuel A. Atwood, Thomas J. Boyd, Virendra P. Ghate, Peng Xian, Derek J. Posselt, James B. Simpas, Sherdon N. Uy, Kimo Zaiger, Donald R. Blake, Anthony Bucholtz, James R. Campbell, Boon Ning Chew, Steven S. Cliff, Brent N. Holben, Robert E. Holz, Edward J. Hyer, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Arunas P. Kuciauskas, Simone Lolli, Min Oo, Kevin D. Perry, Santo V. Salinas, Walter R. Sessions, Alexander Smirnov, Annette L. Walker, Qing Wang, Liya Yu, Jianglong Zhang, and Yongjing Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14057–14078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14057-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14057-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes aspects of the 2012 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) operations period, the largest within the Maritime Continent. Included were an enhanced deployment of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers, multiple lidars, and a Singapore supersite. Simultaneously, a ship was dispatched to the Palawan Archipelago and Sulu Sea of the Philippines for September 2012 to observe transported smoke and pollution as it entered the southwest monsoon trough.
T. F. Eck, B. N. Holben, J. S. Reid, A. Arola, R. A. Ferrare, C. A. Hostetler, S. N. Crumeyrolle, T. A. Berkoff, E. J. Welton, S. Lolli, A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang, J. S. Schafer, D. M. Giles, B. E. Anderson, K. L. Thornhill, P. Minnis, K. E. Pickering, C. P. Loughner, A. Smirnov, and A. Sinyuk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11633–11656, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11633-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11633-2014, 2014
S. Lolli, A. Delaval, C. Loth, A. Garnier, and P. H. Flamant
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3349–3358, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3349-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3349-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Clouds and Precipitation | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Ambient and intrinsic dependencies of evolving ice-phase particles within a decaying winter storm during IMPACTS
High-resolution modeling of early contrail evolution from hydrogen-powered aircraft
Accelerated impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds by turbulence
Failed cyclogenesis of a mesoscale convective system near Cabo Verde: the role of the Saharan trade wind layer among other inhibiting factors observed during the CADDIWA field campaign
Sensitivities of simulated mixed-phase Arctic multilayer clouds to primary and secondary ice processes
Assessing glaciogenic seeding impacts in Australia's Snowy Mountains: an ensemble modeling approach
How the representation of microphysical processes affects tropical condensate in the global storm-resolving model ICON
Magnitude and timescale of liquid water path adjustments to cloud droplet number concentration perturbations for nocturnal non-precipitating marine stratocumulus
Cold pools mediate mesoscale adjustments of trade-cumulus fields to changes in cloud droplet number concentration
Numerical case study of the aerosol–cloud interactions in warm boundary layer clouds over the eastern North Atlantic with an interactive chemistry module
Influence of temperature and humidity on contrail formation regions in the general circulation model EMAC: a spring case study
On the impact of thunder on cloud ice crystals and droplets
Counteracting influences of gravitational settling modulate aerosol impacts on cloud-base-lowering fog characteristics
The critical number and size of precipitation embryos to accelerate warm rain initiation
Impact on the stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition of the interaction of cloud microphysics and macrophysics with large-scale circulation
Technical note: Phase space depiction of cloud condensation nuclei activation and cloud droplet diffusional growth
Impact of wildfire smoke on Arctic cirrus formation – Part 2: Simulation of MOSAiC 2019–2020 cases
Constraining aerosol–cloud adjustments by uniting surface observations with a perturbed parameter ensemble
Investigating ice formation pathways using a novel two-moment multi-class cloud microphysics scheme
Exploiting airborne far-infrared measurements to optimise an ice cloud retrieval
Microphysics regimes due to haze–cloud interactions: cloud oscillation and cloud collapse
Microphysical fingerprints in anvil cloud albedo
Influence of Secondary Ice Production on cloud and rain properties: Analysis of the HYMEX IOP7a Heavy Precipitation Event
Factors Causing Stratocumulus to Deviate from Subtropical High Variability on Seasonal to Interannual Timescales
The influence of Amazonian anthropogenic emissions on new particle formation, aerosol, cloud and surface rain
Impact of secondary ice production on thunderstorm electrification under different aerosol conditions
Tropical cirrus evolution in a km-scale model with improved ice microphysics
Model analysis of biases in the satellite-diagnosed aerosol effect on the cloud liquid water path
Impacts of aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions on a short-term heavy rainfall event – A case study in the Guanzhong Basin, China
Evaluation of biases in mid-to-high-latitude surface snowfall and cloud phase in ERA5 and CMIP6 using satellite observations
Dynamical imprints on precipitation cluster statistics across a hierarchy of high-resolution simulations
Ice formation processes key in determining WCB outflow cirrus properties
Role of a key microphysical factor in mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds and their interactions with aerosols
Investigating the impact of subgrid-scale aerosol-cloud interaction on mesoscale meteorology prediction
Different responses of cold-air outbreak clouds to aerosol and ice production depending on cloud temperature
Identifying Synoptic Controls on Boundary Layer Thermodynamic and Cloud Properties in a Regional Forecast Model
Correction of ERA5 temperature and relative humidity biases by bivariate quantile mapping for contrail formation analysis
Can pollen affect precipitation?
Potential impacts of marine fuel regulations on an Arctic stratocumulus case and its radiative response
The subtleties of three-dimensional radiative effects in contrails and cirrus clouds
The impact of the mesh size and microphysics scheme on the representation of mid-level clouds in the ICON model in hilly and complex terrain
The role of ascent timescales for warm conveyor belt (WCB) moisture transport into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS)
On the Processes Determining the Slope of Cloud-Water Adjustments in Non-Precipitating Stratocumulus
Analysis of raindrop size distribution from the double moment cloud microphysics scheme for monsoon over a tropical station
High sensitivity of simulated fog properties to parameterized aerosol activation in case studies from ParisFog
Adiabatic and radiative cooling are both important causes of aerosol activation in simulated fog events in Europe
Estimating the concentration of silver iodide needed to detect unambiguous signatures of glaciogenic cloud seeding
Ice-nucleating particle concentration impacts cloud properties over Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, in COSMO-CLM2
Numerical simulation of aerosol concentration effects on cloud droplet size spectrum evolutions of warm stratiform clouds in Jiangxi, China
The impact of aerosol on cloud water: a heuristic perspective
Andrew DeLaFrance, Lynn A. McMurdie, Angela K. Rowe, and Andrew J. Heymsfield
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8087–8106, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical modeling simulations are used to investigate ice crystal growth and decay processes within a banded region of enhanced precipitation rates during a prominent winter storm. We identify robust primary ice growth in the upper portion of the cloud but decay exceeding 70 % during fallout through a subsaturated layer. The ice fall characteristics and decay rate are sensitive to the ambient cloud properties, which has implications for radar-based measurements and precipitation accumulations.
Annemarie Lottermoser and Simon Unterstrasser
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7903–7924, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7903-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7903-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Contrail cirrus significantly contributes to aviation's overall climate impact. As hydrogen combustion and fuel cell use are emerging technologies for aircraft propulsion, we simulated individual contrails from hydrogen propulsion during the first 6 min after exhaust emission, termed the vortex phase. The ice crystal loss during that stage is crucial, as the number of ice crystals has a large impact on the further evolution of contrails into contrail cirrus and their radiative forcing.
Meilian Chen, Xiaoqin Jing, Jiaojiao Li, Jing Yang, Xiaobo Dong, Bart Geerts, Yan Yin, Baojun Chen, Lulin Xue, Mengyu Huang, Ping Tian, and Shaofeng Hua
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7581–7596, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7581-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7581-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Several recent studies have reported complete cloud glaciation induced by airborne-based glaciogenic cloud seeding over plains. Since turbulence is an important factor to maintain clouds in a mixed phase, it is hypothesized that turbulence may have an impact on the seeding effect. This hypothesis is evident in the present study, which shows that turbulence can accelerate the impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds.
Guillaume Feger, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Thibaut Dauhut, Julien Delanoë, and Pierre Coutris
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7447–7465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7447-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7447-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Saharan air at the trade wind layer, cold pools, and dry upper troposphere has these three main factors inhibiting the cyclogenesis of the Pierre Henri mesoscale convective system. The findings were obtained through observations made during two flights of the Clouds-Atmospheric Dynamics-Dust Interactions in West Africa (CADDIWA) campaign and a convection-permitting simulation run with the Meso-NH model. They provide new insights into the complex dynamics of cyclogenesis in the Cabo Verde region and challenge the existing model of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL).
Gabriella Wallentin, Annika Oertel, Luisa Ickes, Peggy Achtert, Matthias Tesche, and Corinna Hoose
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6607–6631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6607-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6607-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Multilayer clouds are common in the Arctic but remain underrepresented. We use an atmospheric model to simulate multilayer cloud cases from the Arctic expedition MOSAiC 2019/2020. We find that it is complex to accurately model these cloud layers due to the lack of correct temperature profiles. The model also struggles to capture the observed cloud phase and the relative concentration of cloud droplets and cloud ice. We constrain our model to measured aerosols to mitigate this issue.
Sisi Chen, Lulin Xue, Sarah A. Tessendorf, Thomas Chubb, Andrew Peace, Suzanne Kenyon, Johanna Speirs, Jamie Wolff, and Bill Petzke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6703–6724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6703-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6703-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to investigate how cloud seeding affects snowfall in Australia's Snowy Mountains. By running simulations with different setups, we found that seeding impact varies greatly with weather conditions. Seeding increased snow in stable weather but sometimes reduced it in stormy weather. This helps us to better understand when seeding works best to boost water supplies.
Ann Kristin Naumann, Monika Esch, and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6429–6444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6429-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6429-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how uncertainties in the representation of microphysical processes affect the tropical condensate distribution in the global storm-resolving model ICON. The results point to the importance of the fall speed of hydrometeor particles and to a simple relationship: the faster a condensate falls, the less there is of it. Implications for the energy balance and precipitation properties are discussed.
Yao-Sheng Chen, Prasanth Prabhakaran, Fabian Hoffmann, Jan Kazil, Takanobu Yamaguchi, and Graham Feingold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6141–6159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6141-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6141-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Injecting sea salt aerosols into marine stratiform clouds can distribute the cloud water over more droplets in smaller sizes. This process is expected to make the clouds brighter, allowing them to reflect more sunlight back to space. However, it may also cause the clouds to lose water over time, reducing their ability to reflect sunlight. We use a computer model to show that the loss of cloud water occurs relatively quickly and does not completely offset the initial brightening.
Pouriya Alinaghi, Fredrik Jansson, Daniel A. Blázquez, and Franziska Glassmeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6121–6139, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6121-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6121-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow clouds in the trades are a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. These clouds organize into striking mesoscale patterns that are exactly what climate models lack. This study explores the origin of such patterns and investigates how variations in microscale properties control them. The importance of microscale effects is compared to that of large-scale forcing on the mesoscale organization of trade-cumulus fields.
Hsiang-He Lee, Xue Zheng, Shaoyue Qiu, and Yuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6069–6091, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6069-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6069-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The study investigates how aerosol–cloud interactions affect warm boundary layer stratiform clouds over the eastern North Atlantic. High-resolution weather model simulations reveal that non-rain clouds at the edge of cloud systems are prone to evaporation, leading to an aerosol drying effect and a transition of aerosols back to the accumulation mode for future activation. The study shows that this dynamic behavior is often not adequately represented in most previous prescribed-aerosol simulations.
Patrick Peter, Sigrun Matthes, Christine Frömming, Patrick Jöckel, Luca Bugliaro, Andreas Giez, Martina Krämer, and Volker Grewe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5911–5934, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5911-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5911-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examines how well the global climate model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) predicts contrail formation by analysing temperature and humidity – two key factors for contrail development and persistence. The model underestimates temperature, leading to an overprediction of contrail formation and larger ice-supersaturated regions. Adjusting the model improves temperature accuracy but adds uncertainties. Better predictions of contrail formation areas can help optimise flight tracks to reduce aviation's climate effect.
Konstantinos Kourtidis, Stavros Stathopoulos, and Vassilis Amiridis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5935–5946, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5935-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5935-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The sound of thunder induces mechanical effects on cloud droplets and ice particles, causing changes in their size distribution. A shock wave near the lightning channel causes extensive shattering of cloud particles. At a distance, the audio wave will cause agglomeration of particles. So, thunder may influence the rain generation process and the radiative properties of clouds. As global warming may influence the occurrence rate of lightning, a climate feedback may be induced by these mechanisms.
Nathan H. Pope and Adele L. Igel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5433–5444, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5433-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5433-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used an atmospheric model that simulates a single column to study the sensitivity of marine fog formed through the lowering of the base of a stratus cloud to meteorology and aerosols. We found that higher aerosol concentration reduces the likelihood and duration of fog but leads to denser fog. This overall trend was caused by multiple physical mechanisms depending on conditions.
Jung-Sub Lim, Yign Noh, Hyunho Lee, and Fabian Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5313–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5313-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5313-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Rain formation in warm clouds begins when small droplets collide, but this process can be slow without larger droplets. We used simulations to explore the role of bigger droplets, known as precipitation embryos, in triggering rain. We found that they speed up rain only when their size and number exceed a critical threshold. This threshold becomes larger when collisions are naturally efficient, such as in clouds with broad droplet size distributions or strong turbulence.
Je-Yun Chun, Robert Wood, Peter N. Blossey, and Sarah J. Doherty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5251–5271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5251-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5251-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how aerosols affect clouds transitioning from stratocumulus to cumulus along trade winds under varying atmospheric conditions. We found that aerosols typically reduce precipitation and raise cloud height, but their impact changes when subsidence changes by aerosol enhancement are considered. Our findings indicate that the cooling effect of aerosols might be overestimated if these atmospheric changes are not accounted for.
Wojciech W. Grabowski and Hanna Pawlowska
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5273–5285, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5273-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5273-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A simple diagram to depict cloud droplets' formation via the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) as well as their subsequent growth and evaporation is presented.
Albert Ansmann, Cristofer Jimenez, Daniel A. Knopf, Johanna Roschke, Johannes Bühl, Kevin Ohneiser, and Ronny Engelmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4867–4884, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we focus on the potential impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation. Aerosol and cirrus observations with lidar and radar during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, presented in the companion paper (Ansmann et al., 2025), are closely linked to comprehensive modeling of ice nucleation in cirrus evolution processes, presented in this article. A clear impact of wildfire smoke on cirrus formation was found.
August Mikkelsen, Daniel T. McCoy, Trude Eidhammer, Andrew Gettelman, Ci Song, Hamish Gordon, and Isabel L. McCoy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4547–4570, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4547-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4547-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Whether increased aerosol increases or decreases liquid cloud mass has been a longstanding question. Observed correlations suggest that aerosols thin liquid cloud, but we are able to show that observations were consistent with an increase in liquid cloud in response to aerosols by leveraging a model where causality could be traced.
Tim Lüttmer, Peter Spichtinger, and Axel Seifert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4505–4529, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4505-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4505-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate ice formation pathways in idealized convective clouds using a novel microphysics scheme that distinguishes between five ice classes each with their own unique formation mechanism. Ice crystals from rime splintering form the lowermost layer of ice crystals around the updraft core. The majority of ice crystals in the anvil of the convective cloud stems from frozen droplets. Ice stemming from homogeneous and deposition nucleation was only relevant in the overshoot.
Sanjeevani Panditharatne, Helen Brindley, Caroline Cox, Rui Song, Richard Siddans, Richard Bantges, Jonathan Murray, Stuart Fox, and Cathryn Fox
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-647, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-647, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling radiation with wavelengths between 15 and 100 microns is theorised to be highly sensitive to the properties of ice clouds, particularly the shape of the ice crystals. We exploit this sensitivity and perform the first retrieval of ice cloud properties using these wavelengths from an observation taken on an aircraft and evaluate it against measurements of the cloud’s properties.
Fan Yang, Hamed Fahandezh Sadi, Raymond A. Shaw, Fabian Hoffmann, Pei Hou, Aaron Wang, and Mikhail Ovchinnikov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3785–3806, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3785-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3785-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Large-eddy simulations of a convection cloud chamber show two new microphysics regimes, cloud oscillation and cloud collapse, due to haze–cloud interactions. Our results suggest that haze particles and their interactions with cloud droplets should be considered especially in polluted conditions. To properly simulate haze–cloud interactions, we need to resolve droplet activation and deactivation processes, instead of using Twomey-type activation parameterization.
Declan L. Finney, Alan M. Blyth, Paul R. Field, Martin I. Daily, Benjamin J. Murray, Mengyu Sun, Paul J. Connolly, Zhiqiang Cui, and Steven Böing
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1227, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1227, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present observation-informed modelling from the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment to study how environmental conditions and cloud processes affect anvil cloud albedo and radiation. Aerosols influencing cloud droplets or influencing ice formation yield varying radiative effects. We introduce fingerprint metrics to discern these effects. Using detailed observations and modelling, we offer insights into high cloud radiative effects and feedbacks.
Pierre Grzegorczyk, Wolfram Wobrock, Aymeric Dziduch, and Céline Planche
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-819, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-819, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of secondary ice production (SIP) on a HYMEX intense precipitation event is investigated using 3D bin microphysics. Including SIP improves agreement with in situ aircraft observations (ice crystal number concentration and supercooled drop number fraction), generates small ice crystals and redistributes condensed water mass toward smaller particle sizes. As these crystals melt, the liquid precipitation flux decreases, reducing total precipitation by 8 % and heavy rainfall by 20 %.
Hairu Ding, Bjorn Stevens, and Hauke Schmidt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-876, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-876, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the physical link between subtropical highs and stratocumulus variability. Using reanalysis data, we test two proposed pathways—one at the surface and one in the free troposphere—but find that neither is a dominant mechanism for stratocumulus variability on seasonal and interannual timescales. These results challenge the assumed influence of subtropical highs on stratocumulus and highlight the need for further research into lower tropospheric stability dynamics.
Xuemei Wang, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Daniel P. Grosvenor, and Hamish Gordon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-132, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-132, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic emissions can influence aerosol particle number concentrations via new particle formation. Our model simulations predict around 10 % increase of the particle and cloud droplet number concentrations when doubling the emissions in the Manaus region in the Amazonian wet season. However, the corresponding changes in cloud water and rain mass are around 4 %. Such weak response implied that this convective environment is not sensitive to the localised anthropogenic emission changes here.
Shiye Huang, Jing Yang, Jiaojiao Li, Qian Chen, Qilin Zhang, and Fengxia Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1831–1850, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1831-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1831-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol and secondary ice production are both vital to charge separation in thunderstorms, but the relative importance of different SIP processes to cloud electrification under different aerosol conditions is not well understood. In this study, we show in a clean environment, the shattering of freezing drops has the greatest effect on the charging rate, while in a polluted environment, both rime splintering and the shattering of freezing drops have a significant effect on cloud electrification.
Blaž Gasparini, Rachel Atlas, Aiko Voigt, Martina Krämer, and Peter N. Blossey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-203, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-203, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cirrus clouds, especially their evolution, are poorly understood, contributing to uncertainty in climate projections. We address this by using novel tracers in a cloud-resolving model to track the life cycle of cirrus clouds, providing insights into cloud formation, ice crystal evolution, and radiative effects. We also improve the model's cloud microphysics with a simple, computationally efficient approach that can be applied to other models.
Harri Kokkola, Juha Tonttila, Silvia M. Calderón, Sami Romakkaniemi, Antti Lipponen, Aapo Peräkorpi, Tero Mielonen, Edward Gryspeerdt, Timo Henrik Virtanen, Pekka Kolmonen, and Antti Arola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1533–1543, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1533-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1533-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how atmospheric aerosols affect clouds is a scientific challenge. One question is how aerosols affects the amount of cloud water. We used a cloud-scale model to study these effects on marine clouds. The study showed that variations in cloud properties and instrument noise can cause bias in satellite-derived cloud water content. However, our results suggest that for similar weather conditions with well-defined aerosol concentrations, satellite data can reliably track these effects.
Naifang Bei, Bo Xiao, Ruonan Wang, Yuning Yang, Lang Liu, Yongming Han, and Guohui Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3558, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3558, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a cloud-resolving model to examine how aerosols influence a mesoscale convective system (MCS) in central China via aerosol-radiation (ARIs) and aerosol-cloud interactions (ACIs). Without ARIs, added aerosols don’t significantly affect precipitation due to cloud competition for moisture. ARIs can stabilize or enhance convection. High aerosol levels lead to a combined ARI and ACI effect that greatly reduces precipitation.
Franziska Hellmuth, Tim Carlsen, Anne Sophie Daloz, Robert Oscar David, Haochi Che, and Trude Storelvmo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1353–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1353-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1353-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This article compares the occurrence of supercooled liquid-containing clouds (sLCCs) and their link to surface snowfall in CloudSat–CALIPSO, ERA5, and the CMIP6 models. Significant discrepancies were found, with ERA5 and CMIP6 consistently overestimating sLCC and snowfall frequency. This bias is likely due to cloud microphysics parameterization. This conclusion has implications for accurately representing cloud phase and snowfall in future climate projections.
Claudia Christine Stephan and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1209–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1209-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1209-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical precipitation cluster area and intensity distributions follow power laws, but the physical processes responsible for this behavior remain unknown. We analyze global simulations that realistically represent precipitation processes. We consider Earth-like planets as well as virtual planets to realize different types of large-scale dynamics. Our finding is that power laws in Earth’s precipitation cluster statistics stem from the robust power laws in Earth’s atmospheric wind field.
Tim Lüttmer, Annette Miltenberger, and Peter Spichtinger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-185, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-185, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate ice formation pathways in a warm conveyor belt case study. We employ a multi-phase microphysics scheme that distinguishes between ice from different nucleation processes. Ice crystals in the cirrus outflow mostly stem from in-situ formation. Hence they were formed directly from the vapor phase. Sedimentational redistribution modulates cirrus properties and leads to a disagreement between cirrus origin classifications based on thermodynamic history and nucleation processes.
Seoung Soo Lee, Chang Hoon Jung, Jinho Choi, Young Jun Yoon, Junshik Um, Youtong Zheng, Jianping Guo, Manguttathil G. Manoj, Sang-Keun Song, and Kyung-Ja Ha
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 705–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-705-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-705-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to test a general factor that explains differences in the properties of different mixed-phase clouds using a modeling tool. Although this attempt is not to identify a factor that can perfectly explain and represent the properties of different mixed-phase clouds, we believe that this attempt acts as a valuable stepping stone towards a more complete, general way of using climate models to better predict climate change.
Wenjie Zhang, Hong Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Yue Peng, Zhaodong Liu, Deying Wang, Da Zhang, Chen Han, Yang Zhao, Junting Zhong, Wenxing Jia, Huiqiong Ning, and Huizheng Che
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3677, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We implement a real-time subgrid-scale aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) mechanism in a mesoscale atmospheric chemistry system and find that subgrid-scale ACI can improve meteorological factors predictions. This study demonstrates the importance of real-time subgrid-scale ACI to weather forecast and the necessity of multiscale ACI studies.
Xinyi Huang, Paul R. Field, Benjamin J. Murray, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Floortje van den Heuvel, and Kenneth S. Carslaw
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4070, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4070, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Cold-air outbreak (CAO) clouds play a vital role in climate prediction. This study explores the responses of CAO clouds to aerosols and ice production under different environmental conditions. We found that CAO cloud responses vary with cloud temperature and are strongly controlled by the liquid-ice partitioning in these clouds, suggesting the importance of good representations of cloud microphysics properties to predict the behaviours of CAO clouds in a warming climate.
Jordan Eissner, David Mechem, Yi Jin, Virendra Ghate, and James Booth
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3438, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Low-level clouds have important radiative feedbacks and can occur in a range of meteorological conditions, yet our knowledge and prediction of them are insufficient. We evaluate model forecasts of low-level cloud properties across a cold front and the associated environments that they form in. The model represents the meteorological conditions well and produces broken clouds behind the cold front in areas of strong surface forcing, large stability, and large-scale subsiding motion.
Kevin Wolf, Nicolas Bellouin, Olivier Boucher, Susanne Rohs, and Yun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 157–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-157-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-157-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis and airborne in situ observations from IAGOS are compared in terms of the representation of the contrail formation potential and the presence of supersaturation. Differences are traced back to biases in ERA5 relative humidity fields. Those biases are addressed by applying a quantile mapping technique that significantly improved contrail estimation based on post-processed ERA5 data.
Marje Prank, Juha Tonttila, Xiaoxia Shang, Sami Romakkaniemi, and Tomi Raatikainen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 183–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Large primary bioparticles such as pollen can be abundant in the atmosphere. In humid conditions pollen can rupture and release a large number of fine sub-pollen particles (SPPs). The paper investigates what kind of birch pollen concentrations are needed for the pollen and SPPs to start playing a noticeable role in cloud processes and alter precipitation formation. In the studied cases only the largest observed pollen concentrations were able to noticeably alter the precipitation formation.
Luís Filipe Escusa dos Santos, Hannah C. Frostenberg, Alejandro Baró Pérez, Annica M. L. Ekman, Luisa Ickes, and Erik S. Thomson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 119–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-119-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-119-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is experiencing enhanced surface warming. The observed decline in Arctic sea-ice extent is projected to lead to an increase in Arctic shipping activity, which may lead to further climatic feedbacks. Using an atmospheric model and results from marine engine experiments that focused on fuel sulfur content reduction and exhaust wet scrubbing, we investigate how ship exhaust particles influence the properties of Arctic clouds. Implications for radiative surface processes are discussed.
Julie Carles, Nicolas Bellouin, Najda Villefranque, and Jean-Louis Dufresne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3642, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3642, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Cirrus and contrails affect Earth’s energy balance with a lot of remaining uncertainty. The balance between solar and terrestrial radiation is delicate to calculate, and factors as cloud optical depth, shape, Sun position are crucial to estimate the effect of those clouds on radiation. Also, often neglected three dimensional paths of radiation, or 3D effects, may be important to account for at climatic scale.
Nadja Omanovic, Brigitta Goger, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14145–14175, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the numerical weather model ICON in two horizontal resolutions with two bulk microphysics schemes over hilly and complex terrain in Switzerland and Austria, respectively. We focused on the model's ability to simulate mid-level clouds in summer and winter. By combining observational data from two different field campaigns, we show that an increase in the horizontal resolution and a more advanced cloud microphysics scheme is strongly beneficial for cloud representation.
Cornelis Schwenk and Annette Miltenberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14073–14099, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14073-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14073-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) transport moisture into the upper atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas. This transport is not well understood, and the role of rapidly rising air is unclear. We simulate a WCB and look at fast- and slow-rising air to see how moisture is (differently) transported. We find that for fast-ascending air more ice particles reach higher into the atmosphere and that frozen cloud particles are removed differently than during slow ascent, which has more water vapour.
Fabian Hoffmann, Yao-Sheng Chen, and Graham Feingold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3893, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3893, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds reflect a substantial portion of the incoming solar radiation back into space. This capacity is determined by the number of cloud droplets, which in turn is influenced by the number of aerosol particles, forming the basis for aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. In this study, we use a simple mixed-layer approach to understand the effect of aerosol on cloud water in non-precipitating stratocumulus.
Kadavathu Sreekumar Apsara, Jayakumar Aravindakshan, Anurose Theethai Jacob, Saji Mohandas, Paul Field, Hamish Gordan, Thara Prabhakaran, Mahen Konwar, and Vijapurap Srinivasa Prasad
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3538, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3538, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Science has made significant strides in weather prediction, especially for intense tropical rainfall that can lead to floods and landslides. Our study aims to improve monsoon rainfall forecasts by analyzing raindrop sizes. Using a new approach to model raindrop growth, we achieved a more accurate depiction of large rainfall events. These improvements can be generalized to enhance early warning systems, offering reliable predictions that help reduce risks from severe tropical weather events.
Pratapaditya Ghosh, Ian Boutle, Paul Field, Adrian Hill, Anthony Jones, Marie Mazoyer, Katherine J. Evans, Salil Mahajan, Hyun-Gyu Kang, Min Xu, Wei Zhang, Noah Asch, and Hamish Gordon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3376, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3376, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study aerosol-fog interactions near Paris using a weather and climate model with high spatial resolution. We show that our model can simulate fog lifecycle effectively. We find that the fog droplet number concentrations, the amount of liquid water in the fog, and the vertical structure of the fog are highly sensitive to the parameterization that simulates droplet formation and growth. The changes we propose could improve fog forecasts significantly without increasing computational costs.
Pratapaditya Ghosh, Ian Boutle, Paul Field, Adrian Hill, Marie Mazoyer, Katherine J. Evans, Salil Mahajan, Hyun-Gyu Kang, Min Xu, Wei Zhang, and Hamish Gordon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3397, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3397, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the lifecycle of fog events in Europe using a weather and climate model. By incorporating droplet formation and growth driven by radiative cooling, our model better simulates the total liquid water in foggy atmospheric columns. We show that both adiabatic and radiative cooling play significant, often equally important roles in driving droplet formation and growth. We discuss strategies to address droplet number overpredictions, by improving model physics and addressing model artifacts.
Jing Yang, Jiaojiao Li, Meilian Chen, Xiaoqin Jing, Yan Yin, Bart Geerts, Zhien Wang, Yubao Liu, Baojun Chen, Shaofeng Hua, Hao Hu, Xiaobo Dong, Ping Tian, Qian Chen, and Yang Gao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13833–13848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13833-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13833-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Detecting unambiguous signatures is vital for examining cloud-seeding impacts, but often, seeding signatures are immersed in natural variability. In this study, reflectivity changes induced by glaciogenic seeding using different AgI concentrations are investigated under various conditions, and a method is developed to estimate the AgI concentration needed to detect unambiguous seeding signatures. The results aid in operational seeding-based decision-making regarding the amount of AgI dispersed.
Florian Sauerland, Niels Souverijns, Anna Possner, Heike Wex, Preben Van Overmeiren, Alexander Mangold, Kwinten Van Weverberg, and Nicole van Lipzig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13751–13768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13751-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a regional climate model, COSMO-CLM², enhanced with a module resolving aerosol processes, to study Antarctic clouds. We prescribe different concentrations of ice-nucleating particles to our model to assess how these clouds respond to concentration changes, validating results with cloud and aerosol observations from the Princess Elisabeth Antarctica station. Our results show that aerosol–cloud interactions vary with temperature, providing valuable insights into Antarctic cloud dynamics.
Yi Li, Xiaoli Liu, and Hengjia Cai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13525–13540, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of different aerosol modes on cloud processes remains controversial. We modified the aerosol spectra and concentrations to simulate a warm stratiform cloud process in Jiangxi, China, using the WRF-SBM scheme. Research shows that different aerosol spectra have diverse effects on cloud droplet spectra, cloud development, and the correlation between dispersion (ε) and cloud physics quantities. Compared to cloud droplet concentration, ε is more sensitive to the volume radius.
Fabian Hoffmann, Franziska Glassmeier, and Graham Feingold
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13403–13412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13403-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13403-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds constitute a major cooling influence on Earth's climate system by reflecting a large fraction of the incident solar radiation back to space. This ability is controlled by the number of cloud droplets, which is governed by the number of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, laying the foundation for so-called aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. In this study, a simple model to understand the effect of aerosol on cloud water is developed and applied.
Cited articles
Alonso, L. and Renard, F: A new approach for understanding urban microclimate by integrating complementary predictors at different scales in regression and machine learning models, Remote Sens., 12, 2434, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152434, 2020.
An, X., Chen, Y., and Lv, S.: Mesoscale simulations of winter low-level wind and temperature fields in Lanzhou city, Plateau Meteorol., 21, 2, 186–192, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0534.2002.02.011, 2002.
Ao, X., Wang, L., Zhi, X., Gu, W., Yang, H., and Li, D.: Observed synergies between urban heat islands and heat waves and their controlling factors in Shanghai, China, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 74, 1789–1802, https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0073.1, 2019.
Bady, M., Kato, S., Takahashi, T., and Huang, H.: An experimental investigation of the wind environment and air quality within a densely populated urban street canyon, J. Wind Eng. Indust. Aerodynam., 99, 857–867, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.06.005, 2011.
Berger, C., Rosentreter, J., Voltersen, M., Baumgart, C., Schmullius, C., and Hese, S.: Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between 2D/3D urban site characteristics and land surface temperature, Remote Sens. Environ., 193, 225–243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.02.020, 2017.
Breiman, L.: Random forest, Mach. Learn., 45, 5–32, 2001.
Cai, H. and Xu, X.: Impacts of built-up area expansion in 2D and 3D on regional surface temperature, Sustainability, 9, 10, https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101862, 2017.
Cai, X., Guo, Y., Liu, H., and Chen, J.: Flow patterns of lower atmosphere over Beijing area, Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 38, 5, 698–704, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0479-8023.2002.03.015, 2002.
Cao, J., Liu, X., Li, G., and Zou, H.: Analysis of the phenomenon of lake-land breeze in Poyang Lake area, Plateau Meteorol., 34, 426–435, https://doi.org/10.7522/J.ISSN.1000-0534.2013.00197, 2015.
Chen, S., Yang, Y., Deng, F., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Liu, C., and Gao, Z.: A high-resolution monitoring approach of canopy urban heat island using a random forest model and multi-platform observations, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 735–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-735-2022, 2022.
Cutler, D. R., Edwards, T. C., Beard, K. H., Cutler, A., Kyle, T., Gibson, J., Lawler, J. J., Beard, H., and Hess, T.: Random forests for classification in ecology, Ecology, 88, 2783–2792, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0539.12007, 2007.
Ding, Y.: Scientific questions and answers on climate change, Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, ISBN 9787511128805, 2018.
Dong, Q., Zhao, P., Wang, Y., Miao, S., and Gao, J.: Impact of mountain-valley wind circulation on typical cases of air pollution in Beijing, Environmental Science, 38, 6, 2218–2230, https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201609231, 2017.
Dou, J., Wang, Y., and Miao, S.: Fine spatial and temporal characteristics of humidity and wind in Beijing urban area, J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci., 25, 559–569, https://doi.org/10.11898/1001-7313.20140505, 2014.
Drach, P., Krüger, E. L., and Emmanuel, R.: Effects of atmospheric stability and urban morphology on daytime intra-urban temperature variability for Glasgow, UK, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 782–791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.285, 2018.
Fenner, D., Meier, F., Bechtel, B., Otto, M., and Scherer, D.: Intra and inter “local climate zone” variability of air temperature as observed by crowdsourced citizen weather stations in Berlin, Germany, Meteorol. Z., 26, 525–547, https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2017/0861, 2017.
Founda, D., Pierros, F., Petrakis, M., and Zerefos, C.: Interdecadal variations and trends of the urban heat island in Athens (Greece) and its response to heat waves, Atmos. Res., 161–162, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.03.016, 2015.
Friedman, J. H.: Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine, Ann. Stat., 29, 1189–1232, https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1013203451, 2001.
Fu, B.: A method for calculating the velocity and local circulation by wind observation data, J. Meteorol. Sci., 17, 258–267, 1997.
Gao, J., Sun, Y., Liu, Q., Zhou, M., Lu, Y., and Li, L.: Impact of extreme high temperature on mortality and regional level definition of heat wave: A multi-city study in China, Sci. Total Environ., 505, 535–544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.028, 2015.
Gemechu, F. G.: How the interaction of heatwaves and urban heat islands amplify urban warming, Adv. Environ. Eng. Res., 3, 2, https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2202022, 2022.
Guo, G., Zhou, X., Wu, Z., Xiao, R., and Chen, Y.: Characterizing the impact of urban morphology heterogeneity on land surface temperature in Guangzhou, China, Environ. Model. Softw., 84, 427–439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.021, 2016.
Guo, F., Hu, D., and Schlink, U.: A comprehensive metric scheme for characterizing the heterogeneity of urban thermal landscapes: A case study of 14-year evaluation in Beijing, Ecol. Indicator., 16, 112268–112268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112268, 2024.
Hang, J., Li, Y., and Sandberg, M.: Experimental and numerical studies of flows through and within high-rise building arrays and their link to ventilation strategy, J. Wind Eng. Indust., 99, 1036–1055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.021, 2011.
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., and Friedman, J.: The elements of statistical learning: Data mining, inference, and prediction, 2nd Edition, Springer Series in Statistics, Springer, New York, 66, 4, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01516.x, 2010.
He B.: Potentials of meteorological characteristics and synoptic conditions to mitigate urban heat island effects, Urban Clim., 24, 26–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.01.004, 2018.
Hu, X., Liu, S., Liang, F.,Wang, J., Liu, H., Li, J., and Wang, Y.: Numerical simulation of features of surface boundary-layer over Beijing area, Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 41, 514–522, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0479-8023.2005.04.003, 2005.
IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on climate change): Climate Change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781009157896, 2023.
Jia, S., J., Wang, Y., Chen, L., and Bi, X.: A novel approach to estimating urban land surface temperature by the combination of geographically weighted regression and deep neural network models, Urban Clim., 47, 101390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101390, 2023.
Jiang, S., Lee, X., Wang, J., and Wang, K.: Amplified urban heat islands during heat wave periods, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 7797–7812, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd030230, 2019.
Jiang, W., Xu, Y., and Yu, H.: Fundamentals of boundary layer meteorology, Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, ISBN 9787305025983, 1994.
Khan, H. S., Paolini, R., Santamouris, M., and Caccetta, P.: Exploring the synergies between urban overheating and heatwaves (HWs) in Western Sydney, Energies, 13, 470, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020470, 2020.
Krayenhoff, E. S. and Voogt, J. A.: Daytime thermal anisotropy of urban neighbourhoods: Morphological causation, Remote Sens., 8, 2, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020108, 2016.
Letcher, T. W. and Minder, J. R.: The simulated impact of the snow albedo feedback on the large-scale mountain-plain circulation east of the Colorado Rocky mountains, J. Atmos. Sci., 75, 755–774, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-17-0166.1, 2018.
Li, Q.: Statistical modeling experiment of land precipitation variations since the start of the 20th Century with external forcing factors, Chinese Sci. Bull., 65, 2266–2278, https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2020-0305, 2020.
Li, D. and Bou-Zeid, E.: Synergistic interactions between urban heat islands and heat waves: The impact in cities is larger than the sum of its parts, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 52, 2051–2064, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-02.1, 2013.
Li, M., Wang, T., Xie, M., Zhuang, B., Li, S., Han, Y., and Cheng, N.: Modeling of urban heat island and its impacts on thermal circulations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 128, 999–1013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1903-x, 2017.
Liu, S., Liu, Z., Li, J., Wang, Y,; Ma, Y., Sheng, L., Liu, H., Liang, F., Xin, G., and Wang, J.: Numerical simulation for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province, Sci. China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 52, 382–392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0030-2, 2009.
Liu, W., Ji, C., Zhong, J., Jiang, X., and Zheng, Z.: Temporal characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 87, 213–221, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6, 2007.
Merckx, T., Souffreau, C., Kaiser, A., Baardsen, L. F., Backeljau, T.,; Bonte, D., Brans, K. I., Cours, M., Dahirel, M., Debortoli, N.,Wolf, K, D., Engelen, J. M. T., Fontaneto, D., Gianuca, A. T., Govaert, L., Hendrickx, F., Higuti, J., Lens, L., Martens, K., Matheve, H., Matthysen, E., Piano, E., Sablon, R., Schön, L., Doninck, K. V., Meester, L. D., and Dyck, H. V.: Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities, Nature, 558, 7708, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0140-0, 2018.
Miao, Y., Liu, S., Chen, B., Zhang, B., Wang, S., and Li, S.: Simulating urban flow and dispersion in Beijing by coupling a CFD model with the WRF model, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1663–1678, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-013-2234-9, 2013.
Ng, E.: Policies and technical guidelines for urban planning of high-density cities-air ventilation assessment (AVA) of Hong Kong, Build. Environ., 44, 1478–1488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.013, 2009.
Ngarambe, J., Nganyiyimana, J., Kim, I., Santamouris, M., and Yun, G. Y.: Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics, PLoS ONE, 15, 12, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243571, 2020.
NSTI: Daily Timed Data from automated weather stations in China, China Meteorological Data Service Centre, NSTI [data set], http://data.cma.cn/en/?r=data/detail&dataCode=A.0012.0001 (last access: 1 April 2024), 2024.
Oke, T. R.: Initial guidance to obtain representative meteorological observations at urban sites, University of British Columbia, IOM Rep. 81, WMO/TD-No. 1250, 2004.
Oke, T. R., Mills, G., Christen, A., and Voogt, J. A.: Urban Climates, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521849500, 2017.
Patz, J. A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Holloway, T., and Foley, J. A.: Impact of regional climate change on human health, Nature, 438, 310–317, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04188, 2005.
Peng, F., Wong M. S., Ho, H. C., Nichol, J., and Chan, P. W.: Reconstruction of historical datasets for analyzing spatiotemporal influence of built environment on urban microclimates across a compact city, Build. Environ., 123, 649–660, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.07.038, 2017.
Radfar, M.: Urban microclimate, designing the spaces between buildings. Housing Stud., 27, 2, 293–294, https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2011.615987, 2012.
Rafiee, A., Dias, E., and Koomen, E.: Urban forestry & urban greening Local impact of tree volume on nocturnal urban heat island: a case study in Amsterdam, Urban For Urban Green, 16, 50–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.01.008, 2016.
Rao, K. S. and Snodgrass, H. F.: A nonstationary nocturnal drainage flow model, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 20, 309–320, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121375, 1981.
Ren, G., Chu, Z., Chen, Z., and Ren, Y.: Implications of temporal change in urban heat island intensity observed at Beijing and Wuhan stations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027927, 2007.
Ryu, Y. H. and Baik, J. J.: Quantitative analysis of factors contributing to urban heat island intensity, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 51, 842–854, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-098.1, 2012.
Scarano, M. and Mancini, F.: Assessing the relationship between sky view factor and land surface temperature to the spatial resolution, International J. Remote Sens., 38, 6910–6929, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1368099, 2017.
Seto, K. C., Guneralp, B., and Hutyra, L. R.: Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 16083–16088, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211658109, 2012.
Shi, T., Huang, Y., Shi, C., and Yang, Y.: Influence of urbanization on the thermal environment of meteorological stations: Satellite-observational evidence, Adv. Clim. Change Res., 1, 7–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2015.07.001, 2015.
Shiroyama, R. and Yoshimura, C.: Assessing bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) habitat suitability using partial dependence function combined with classification approaches, Ecol. Inform., 35, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.06.005, 2016.
Smola, A. J. and Schölkopf, B.: A tutorial on support vector regression, Stat. Comput., 14, 199–222, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:STCO.0000035301.49549.88, 2004.
Srivanit, M. and Kazunori, H.: The influence of urban morphology indicators on summer diurnal range of urban climate in Bangkok metropolitan area, Thailand, Int. J. Civil Environ. Eng., 11, 34–46, 2011.
Stewart, I. D. and Oke T. R.: Local climate zones for urban temperature studies, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 1879–1900, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1, 2012.
Stewart, I. D., Oke, T. R., and Krayenhoff, E. S.: Evaluation of the 'local climate zone' scheme using temperature observations and model simulations, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 1062–1080, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3746, 2014.
Sun, J., Wang, H., and Yuan, W.: Decadal variability of the extreme hot event in China and its association with atmospheric circulations, Clim. Environ. Res., 16, 199–208, 2011.
Taleghani, M., Sailor, D., and Ban-Weiss, G. A.: Micrometeorological simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles neighborhood, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 2, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024003, 2016.
Tan, M., Liu, K., Liu, L.,Zhu, Y., and Wang, D.: Population spatialization of 30 m grid in pearl river delta based on stochastic forest model, Prog. Geogr., 36, 122–130, https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.10.012, 2017.
Tian, Y. and Miao, J.: Overview of mountain-valley breeze studies in China, Meteorol. Sci. Technol., 47, 11, https://doi.org/10.19517/j.1671-6345.20170777, 2019.
Tian, Y., Zhou, W., Qian, Y., Zheng, Z., and Yan, J.: The effect of urban 2D and 3D morphology on air temperature in residential neighborhoods, Landscape Ecol., 34, 1161–1178, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00834-7, 2019.
Tompalski, P. and Wężyk, P.: LiDAR and VHRS Data for Assessing living quality in cities-an approach based on 3D spatial indices, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XXXIX-B6, 173–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B6-173-2012, 2012.
Unger, J.: Intra-urban relationship between surface geometry and urban heat island: review and new approach, Clim. Res., 27, 253–264, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr0272532004, 2004.
Unger, J., Sümeghy, Z., and Zoboki, J.: Temperature cross-section features in an urban area, Atmos. Res., 58, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00087-4, 2001.
Wang, X., Wang, C., and Li, Q.: Wind regimes above and below a temperate deciduous forest canopy in complex terrain: Interactions between slope and valley winds, Atmosphere, 6, 60–87, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6010060, 2015.
Wang, Y., Zheng, D., and Li, Q.: Urban meteorological disasters. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, ISBN 9787502947163, 2009.
Wei, J. and Sun, J.: The analysis of summer heat wave and sultry weather in North China, Clim. Environ. Res., 12, 453–463, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3030:acrtai>2.0.co;2, 2007.
Whiteman, C. D. and Doran, J. C.: The relationship between overlying synoptic-scale flows and winds within a valley, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 1669–1682, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)0322.0.CO;2, 1993.
Whiteman, C. D. and Zhong, S.: Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions, Part I: Observations, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 47, 2023–2038, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1669.1, 2008.
Xie, J., Sun, T., Liu, C., Li, L., Xu, X., Miao, S., Lin, L., Chen, Y., and Fan, S.: Quantitative evaluation of impacts of the steadiness and duration of urban surface wind patterns on air quality, Sci. Total Environ., 850, 157957, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157957, 2022.
Xu, W. H., Li, Q. X., Wang, X. L., Yang, S., Cao, L., and Feng, Y.: Homogenization of Chinese daily surface air temperatures and analysis of trends in the extreme temperature indices, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 9708–9720, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50791, 2013.
Xu, Z., Fitzgerald, G., Guo, Y., Jalaludin, B., and Tong, S.: Impact of heatwave on mortality under different heatwave definitions: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Environ. Int., 89–90, 193–203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.007, 2016.
Xue, J., Zong, L., Yang ,Y., Bi, X., Zhang, Y., and Zhao, M.: Diurnal and interannual variations of canopy urban heat island (CUHI) effects over a mountain-valley city with a semi-arid climate, Urban Clim., 48, 101425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101425, 2023.
Yang, J. and Huang, X.: The 30 m annual land cover dataset and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3907–3925, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3907-2021, 2021.
Yang, J. and Huang, X.: The 30 m annual land cover datasets and its dynamics in China from 1990 to 2021, in: Earth System Science Data (1.0.1, Vol. 13, Number 1, 3907–3925 pp., Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5816591, 2022.
Yang, J., Su, J., Xia, J., Jin, C., Li, X., and Ge, Q.: The impact of spatial form of urban architecture on the urban thermal environment: A case study of the Zhongshan District, Dalian, China, IEEE J. Select. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., 11, 2709–2716, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2808469, 2018.
Yang, P., Liu, W., Zhong, J., and Yang, J.: Evaluating the quality of temperature measured at automatic weather stations in Beijing, J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci., 22, 706–715, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110180, 2011 (in Chinese).
Yang, P., Ren, G., and Liu, W.: Spatial and temporal characteristics of Beijing urban heat island intensity, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 52, 1803–1816, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0125.1, 2013.
Yang, Y., Guo, M., Wang, L., Zong, L., Liu, D., Zhang, W., Wang, M., Wan, B., and Guo, Y.: Unevenly spatiotemporal distribution of urban excess warming in coastal Shanghai megacity, China: Roles of geophysical environment, ventilation and sea breeze, Build. Environ., 235, 110180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110180, 2023.
Yang, Y., Luo, F., Xue, J., Zong, L., Tian, W., and Shi, T.: Research progress and perspective on synergy between urban heat waves and canopy urban heat island, Adv. Earth Sci., 39, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2024.032, 2024.
Yang, Y., Zheng, X., Gao, Z., Wang, H., Wang, T., Li, Y., Lau, G. N. C., and Yim, S. H. L.: Long-term trends of persistent synoptic circulation events in planetary boundary layer and their relationships with haze pollution in winter half year over Eastern China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 10991–11007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028982, 2018.
Yang, Y., Zheng, Z., Yim, S. Y. L., Roth, M., Ren, G., Gao, Z., Wang, T., Li, Q., Shi, C., and Ning, G.: PM2.5 pollution modulates wintertime urban heat island intensity in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei Megalopolis, China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084288, 2020.
You, C., Cai, X., Song, Y., and Guo, H.: Local atmospheric circulations over Beijing-Tianjin Area in summer, Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 42, 779–783, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0479-8023.2006.06.015, 2006.
Yu, Z., Chen, S., Wong, N., Ignatius, M., Deng, J., He, Y., and Hii, D. J. C.: Dependence between urban morphology and outdoor air temperature: A tropical campus study using random forests algorithm, Sustain. Cities Soc., 61, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102200, 2020.
Zakšek, K., Oštir, K., and Kokalj, Ž.: Sky-view factor as a relief visualization technique, Remote Sens., 3, 398–415, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3020398, 2011.
Zängl, G.: The impact of weak synoptic forcing on the valley-wind circulation in the Alpine Inn valley, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 105, 37–53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-009-0030-y, 2009.
Zhang, H., Zhu, S., Gao, Y., and Zhang, G.: The relationship between urban spatial morphology parameters and urban heat island intensity under fine weather condition, J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci., 27, 249–256, https://doi.org/10.11898/1001-7313.20160213, 2016.
Zhang, N., Zhu, L. F., and Zhu, Y.: Urban heat island and boundary layer structures under hot weather synoptic conditions: A case study of Suzhou City, China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 855–865, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-0040-1, 2011.
Zheng, Z., Ren, G., Wang, H., Dou, J., Gao, Z., Duan, C., Li, Y., Ngarukiyimana, J. P., Zhao, C., Cao, C., Jiang, M., and Yang, Y.: Relationship between fine-particle pollution and the urban heat island in Beijing, China: Observational evidence, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 169, 93–113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0362-6, 2018a.
Zheng, Z., Ren, G., and Gao, H.: Analysis of the local circulation in Beijing area, Meteorol. Monthly, 44, 425–433, https://doi.org/10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2018.03.009, 2018b.
Zheng, Z., Ren, G., Gao, H., and Yang, Y.: Urban ventilation planning and its associated benefits based on numerical experiments: A case study in beijing, China, Build. Environ., 222, 109383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109383, 2022.
Zhou, D., Zhao, S., Liu, S., Zhang, L., and Zhu, C.: Surface urban heat island in China's 32 major cities: Spatial patterns and drivers, Remote Sens. Environ., 152, 51–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.05.017, 2014.
Zhou, X., Okaze, T., Ren, C., Cai, M., and Mochida, A.: Evaluation of urban heat islands using local climate zones under the influences of sea-Land breeze, Sustain. Cities Soc., 55, 102060, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102060, 2020.
Zinzi, M., Agnoli, S., Burattini, C., and Mattoni, B.: On the thermal response of buildings under the synergic effect of heat waves and urban heat island, Solar Energy, 211, 1270–1282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.10.050, 2020.
Zong, L., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Ren, G., Yu, M., Zhang, Y., and Li, Y.: Synergistic influence of local climate zones and wind speeds on the urban heat island and heat waves in the Megacity of Beijing, China, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 673786, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.673786, 2021.
Zong, L., Yang, Y., Xia, H., Gao, M., Sun, Z., Zheng, Z., Li, X., Ning, G., Li, Y., and Lolli, S.: Joint occurrence of heatwaves and ozone pollution and increased health risks in Beijing, China: role of synoptic weather pattern and urbanization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6523–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6523-2022, 2022.
Short summary
This paper explored the formation mechanisms of the amplified canopy urban heat island intensity (ΔCUHII) during heat wave (HW) periods in the megacity of Beijing from the perspectives of mountain–valley breeze and urban morphology. During the mountain breeze phase, high-rise buildings with lower sky view factors (SVFs) had a pronounced effect on the ΔCUHII. During the valley breeze phase, high-rise buildings exerted a dual influence on the ΔCUHII.
This paper explored the formation mechanisms of the amplified canopy urban heat island intensity...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint