Articles | Volume 24, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Sep 2024
Research article |
| 26 Sep 2024
| 26 Sep 2024
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Kirsten N. Fossum
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
Chunshui Lin
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710061, Xi'an, China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Niall O'Sullivan
School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Lu Lei
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
Stig Hellebust
School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Darius Ceburnis
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
Aqeel Afzal
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Anja Tremper
MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
David Green
MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Srishti Jain
School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Steigvilė Byčenkienė
SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
Colin O'Dowd
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
John Wenger
School of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Jurgita Ovadnevaite
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute's Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, University of Galway, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
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Cited
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Measurement report: In-depth characterization of ship emissions during operations in a Mediterranean port L. Le Berre et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6575-2025
- Source apportionment of PM10 based on offline chemical speciation data at 24 European sites X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01097-7
- Evolution of the V/Ni Ratio in Response to IMO Regulation-Induced Fuel Shifts and Scrubber Use M. Brezins et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c01199
- Impacts of summertime photochemical aging on the physicochemical properties of aerosols in a Paris suburban forest region C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5313-2026
- SO2 and NOx emissions from ships in North-East Atlantic waters: in situ measurements and comparison with an emission model J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00089K
- Near real-time & benchtop XRF intercomparison for PM elemental analysis on quartz and teflon filters: a case study across three European cities S. Papagiannis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3491-2026
- Measurement report: Six-year DOAS observations reveal post-2020 rebound of ship SO2 emissions in a Shanghai port despite low-sulfur fuel policies J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13849-2025
- The role of local shipping emissions in aerosol-cloud interactions in the central Arctic B. Heutte et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae6673
- Assessing the sources of submicron airborne elements at two sites in the Fos-Marseille basin through rolling positive matrix factorization M. Brezins et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-231-2026
- Dependence of fractional iron solubility on aerosol particle size in eastern China Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121933
- Measurement report: Emission factors and organic aerosol source apportionment of shipping emissions in the coastal city of Toulon, France Q. Gunti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2893-2026
- Real-world emission factors and inhalation health risks of PM-bound metals from workboats using ultra-low sulfur marine fuel P. Chien et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128453
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Measurement report: In-depth characterization of ship emissions during operations in a Mediterranean port L. Le Berre et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6575-2025
- Source apportionment of PM10 based on offline chemical speciation data at 24 European sites X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01097-7
- Evolution of the V/Ni Ratio in Response to IMO Regulation-Induced Fuel Shifts and Scrubber Use M. Brezins et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5c01199
- Impacts of summertime photochemical aging on the physicochemical properties of aerosols in a Paris suburban forest region C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5313-2026
- SO2 and NOx emissions from ships in North-East Atlantic waters: in situ measurements and comparison with an emission model J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00089K
- Near real-time & benchtop XRF intercomparison for PM elemental analysis on quartz and teflon filters: a case study across three European cities S. Papagiannis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3491-2026
- Measurement report: Six-year DOAS observations reveal post-2020 rebound of ship SO2 emissions in a Shanghai port despite low-sulfur fuel policies J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13849-2025
- The role of local shipping emissions in aerosol-cloud interactions in the central Arctic B. Heutte et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae6673
- Assessing the sources of submicron airborne elements at two sites in the Fos-Marseille basin through rolling positive matrix factorization M. Brezins et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-231-2026
- Dependence of fractional iron solubility on aerosol particle size in eastern China Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121933
- Measurement report: Emission factors and organic aerosol source apportionment of shipping emissions in the coastal city of Toulon, France Q. Gunti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2893-2026
- Real-world emission factors and inhalation health risks of PM-bound metals from workboats using ultra-low sulfur marine fuel P. Chien et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128453
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were...
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