Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5217-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5217-2023
Research article
 | 
09 May 2023
Research article |  | 09 May 2023

Mixed-phase direct numerical simulation: ice growth in cloud-top generating cells

Sisi Chen, Lulin Xue, Sarah Tessendorf, Kyoko Ikeda, Courtney Weeks, Roy Rasmussen, Melvin Kunkel, Derek Blestrud, Shaun Parkinson, Melinda Meadows, and Nick Dawson

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Cited articles

Avramov, A. and Harrington, J. Y.: Influence of parameterized ice habit on simulated mixed phase Arctic clouds, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D03205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012108, 2010. 
Ayala, O., Rosa, B., Wang, L.-P., and Grabowski, W. W.: Effects of turbulence on the geometric collision rate of sedimenting droplets. Part 1. Results from direct numerical simulation, New J. Phys., 10, 075015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/7/075015, 2008. 
Barrett, A. I., Hogan, R. J., and Forbes, R. M.: Why are mixed-phase altocumulus clouds poorly predicted by large-scale models? Part 1. Physical processes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 9903–9926, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026321, 2017. 
Baumgardner, D, Abel, S. J., Axisa, D., Cotton, R., Crosier, J., Field, P., Gurganus, C., Heymsfield, A., Korolev, A., Kraemer, M., and Lawson, P.: Cloud Ice Properties: In Situ Measurement Challenges, Meteor. Mon., 58, 9.1–9.23, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0011.1, 2017. 
Chen, J.-P., and Lamb, D.: The Theoretical Basis for the Parameterization of Ice Crystal Habits: Growth by Vapor Deposition, J. Atmospheric Sci., 51, 1206–1222, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<1206:TTBFTP>2.0.CO;2, 1994. 
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Short summary
The possible mechanism of effective ice growth in the cloud-top generating cells in winter orographic clouds is explored using a newly developed ultra-high-resolution cloud microphysics model. Simulations demonstrate that a high availability of moisture and liquid water is critical for producing large ice particles. Fluctuations in temperature and moisture down to millimeter scales due to cloud turbulence can substantially affect the growth history of the individual cloud particles.
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