Articles | Volume 23, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4149-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4149-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Foreign emissions exacerbate PM2.5 pollution in China through nitrate chemistry
Jun-Wei Xu
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies, Department of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing, China
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies, Department of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing, China
Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, Albany,
NY, USA
Jamiu Adeniran
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies, Department of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing, China
Hao Kong
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies, Department of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing, China
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The effect of cross-regional transport on ozone and particulate matter pollution in China: A review of methodology and current knowledge K. Qu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174196
- The health and economic benefits of PM2.5 reduction on Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in China H. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100704
- The underappreciated role of transboundary pollution in future air quality and health improvements in China J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10075-2023
- Insights into quantitative evaluation technology of PM2.5 transport at multi–perspective and multi–spatial and temporal scales in the north China plain H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122693
- Increases in global transportation-induced air pollution mortality and radiative forcing during 1990–2019 H. Han https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1545924
- A systematic review of reactive nitrogen simulations with chemical transport models in China H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107586
- Unexpectedly persistent PM2.5 pollution in the Pearl River Delta, South China, in the 2015–2017 cold seasons: the dominant role of meteorological changes during the El Niño-to-La Niña transition over emission reduction K. Qu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16983-2025
- Dust pollution substantially weakens the impact of ammonia emission reduction on particulate nitrate formation H. Lang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10587-2025
- Distance-dependent and nonlinear PM2.5 exposure responses to precursor-specific emission controls across Northeast Asia Y. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108551
- Spatiotemporal imputation of missing aerosol optical depth using hybrid machine learning with downscaling A. Tuheti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120989
- Unveiling the critical role of tall-stack emissions in winter nitrate episodes over North China through machine learning and 3D model analysis T. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1718020
- Chemically enhanced transboundary ozone pollution suppresses city-level emission control benefits L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc1e1
- The effects of anthropogenic dust on fine particulate matter in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region J. Lv et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102701
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The effect of cross-regional transport on ozone and particulate matter pollution in China: A review of methodology and current knowledge K. Qu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174196
- The health and economic benefits of PM2.5 reduction on Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in China H. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100704
- The underappreciated role of transboundary pollution in future air quality and health improvements in China J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10075-2023
- Insights into quantitative evaluation technology of PM2.5 transport at multi–perspective and multi–spatial and temporal scales in the north China plain H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122693
- Increases in global transportation-induced air pollution mortality and radiative forcing during 1990–2019 H. Han https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1545924
- A systematic review of reactive nitrogen simulations with chemical transport models in China H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107586
- Unexpectedly persistent PM2.5 pollution in the Pearl River Delta, South China, in the 2015–2017 cold seasons: the dominant role of meteorological changes during the El Niño-to-La Niña transition over emission reduction K. Qu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16983-2025
- Dust pollution substantially weakens the impact of ammonia emission reduction on particulate nitrate formation H. Lang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10587-2025
- Distance-dependent and nonlinear PM2.5 exposure responses to precursor-specific emission controls across Northeast Asia Y. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2026.108551
- Spatiotemporal imputation of missing aerosol optical depth using hybrid machine learning with downscaling A. Tuheti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120989
- Unveiling the critical role of tall-stack emissions in winter nitrate episodes over North China through machine learning and 3D model analysis T. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1718020
- Chemically enhanced transboundary ozone pollution suppresses city-level emission control benefits L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc1e1
- The effects of anthropogenic dust on fine particulate matter in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region J. Lv et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102701
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Editorial statement
This paper investigates the influence of internationally-transported pollution on China, with a specific highlight on the formation of secondary PM2.5 in the form of nitrate. While sources from within China have traditionally been of most interest for domestic air quality policy, these have diminished over recent years, so sources from outside China may become more significant. The topic of transboundary exchange of air pollution has long been studied in other parts of the world, in particular among CLRTAP signatory countries in North America and Europe, but East Asian transboundary pollution represents a different challenge, in part owing to differences in geography and emissions, but also compared to Europe in particular, the transportation scales are much larger. This work not only quantifies the impacts of long distance pollution on Chinese air quality, but also highlights the complex chemical interactions between the local and transboundary pollutants. Papers such as this will likely influence the debate regarding international controls of air pollutants.
This paper investigates the influence of internationally-transported pollution on China, with a...
Short summary
Research on the sources of Chinese PM2.5 pollution has focused on the contributions of China’s domestic emissions. However, the impact of foreign anthropogenic emissions has typically been simplified or neglected. Here we find that foreign anthropogenic emissions play an important role in Chinese PM2.5 pollution through chemical interactions between foreign-transported pollutants and China’s local emissions. Thus, foreign emission reductions are essential for improving Chinese air quality.
Research on the sources of Chinese PM2.5 pollution has focused on the contributions of China’s...
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