Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-163-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-163-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Dependence of strategic solar climate intervention on background scenario and model physics
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
Jadwiga H. Richter
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Projected malaria transmission risk under climate intervention in South Asia A. Hussain et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/adbeb9
- Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Can Reduce Risks to Antarctic Ice Loss Depending on Injection Location and Amount P. Goddard et al. 10.1029/2023JD039434
- Potential effects of climate change and solar radiation modification on renewable energy resources A. Kumler et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114934
- Changes in global teleconnection patterns under global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention scenarios A. Rezaei et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5835-2023
- Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy – Part 2: How changes in the hydrological cycle depend on the injection rate and model used A. Laakso et al. 10.5194/esd-15-405-2024
- Assessing Outcomes in Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Scenarios Shortly After Deployment D. Hueholt et al. 10.1029/2023EF003488
- Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention experiment for the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6001-2025
- How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1? M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13253-2024
- An overview of the E3SM version 2 large ensemble and comparison to other E3SM and CESM large ensembles J. Fasullo et al. 10.5194/esd-15-367-2024
- The interaction of solar radiation modification with Earth system tipping elements G. Futerman et al. 10.5194/esd-16-939-2025
- Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review A. Duffey et al. 10.1029/2023EF003679
- The Choice of Baseline Period Influences the Assessments of the Outcomes of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2023EF003851
- Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations Z. Labe et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a
- Simulated response of the climate of eastern Africa to stratospheric aerosol intervention H. Misiani et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1522235
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
- Speed of environmental change frames relative ecological risk in climate change and climate intervention scenarios D. Hueholt et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-47656-z
- Impact of the Latitude of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on the Southern Annular Mode E. Bednarz et al. 10.1029/2022GL100353
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Projected malaria transmission risk under climate intervention in South Asia A. Hussain et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/adbeb9
- Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Can Reduce Risks to Antarctic Ice Loss Depending on Injection Location and Amount P. Goddard et al. 10.1029/2023JD039434
- Potential effects of climate change and solar radiation modification on renewable energy resources A. Kumler et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114934
- Changes in global teleconnection patterns under global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention scenarios A. Rezaei et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5835-2023
- Dependency of the impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric sulfur injection strategy – Part 2: How changes in the hydrological cycle depend on the injection rate and model used A. Laakso et al. 10.5194/esd-15-405-2024
- Assessing Outcomes in Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Scenarios Shortly After Deployment D. Hueholt et al. 10.1029/2023EF003488
- Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention experiment for the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6001-2025
- How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1? M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13253-2024
- An overview of the E3SM version 2 large ensemble and comparison to other E3SM and CESM large ensembles J. Fasullo et al. 10.5194/esd-15-367-2024
- The interaction of solar radiation modification with Earth system tipping elements G. Futerman et al. 10.5194/esd-16-939-2025
- Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review A. Duffey et al. 10.1029/2023EF003679
- The Choice of Baseline Period Influences the Assessments of the Outcomes of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2023EF003851
- Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations Z. Labe et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acc81a
- Simulated response of the climate of eastern Africa to stratospheric aerosol intervention H. Misiani et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1522235
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
- Speed of environmental change frames relative ecological risk in climate change and climate intervention scenarios D. Hueholt et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-47656-z
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 26 Jul 2025
Executive editor
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is often discussed in the
media and in policy circles as a possible action to limit future
increase in global temperatures. Indeed it has been demonstrated in
model simulations that in principle injection could be 'controlled',
using model information, to meet specific targets on the temperature
increase and its spatial distribution. This paper shows
that the simulated climate response to SAI is strongly model-dependent,
reflecting fundamental uncertainties in model representation of key
processes. In particular this means that the SAI determined by the
control algorithms as those required to achieve temperature targets
different significantly from one model to another. Specific mechanisms,
in particular the difference in rapid response in clouds and in
precipitation to an imposed radiative perturbation and the ensuing ocean
circulation response, are identified that contribute to the strong
differences in model response to SAI. There is also a strong sensitivity
to the pre-existing sulphate distribution which will be determined by
future anthropogenic emissions. The authors note that these inter-model
differences are unlikely to be resolved quickly and that controlled SAI,
to achieve specific temperature goals and with well-quantified risks of
unexpected consequences, is likely to remain out of reach for many years.
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is often discussed in the
media and in policy circles as...
Short summary
The continued high levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions increase the likelihood that key climate warming thresholds will be exceeded in the coming decades. Here we examine a recently proposed geoengineering approach using two recently produced climate model experiments. We find the associated latitudinal distribution of aerosol mass to exhibit substantial uncertainty, suggesting the need for significant flexibility in the location and amount of aerosol delivery, if implemented.
The continued high levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions increase the likelihood that...
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