Articles | Volume 23, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13355-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13355-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 23 Oct 2023
| 23 Oct 2023
Stratospheric ozone depletion inside the volcanic plume shortly after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Robert W. Portmann
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
Douglas Kinnison
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Owen Brian Toon
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Luis Millán
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Jun Zhang
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Holger Vömel
Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Simone Tilmes
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Charles G. Bardeen
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Xinyue Wang
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Stephanie Evan
Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR8105, CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France), Saint-Denis, France
William J. Randel
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Karen H. Rosenlof
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 6,671 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Jun 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,273 | 2,115 | 283 | 6,671 | 252 | 421 |
- HTML: 4,273
- PDF: 2,115
- XML: 283
- Total: 6,671
- BibTeX: 252
- EndNote: 421
Total article views: 4,326 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 23 Oct 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,236 | 923 | 167 | 4,326 | 179 | 256 |
- HTML: 3,236
- PDF: 923
- XML: 167
- Total: 4,326
- BibTeX: 179
- EndNote: 256
Total article views: 2,345 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Jun 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,037 | 1,192 | 116 | 2,345 | 73 | 165 |
- HTML: 1,037
- PDF: 1,192
- XML: 116
- Total: 2,345
- BibTeX: 73
- EndNote: 165
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 6,671 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 6,498 with geography defined
and 173 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,326 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,190 with geography defined
and 136 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,345 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,308 with geography defined
and 37 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption on the Stratospheric Environment Q. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040483
- The impact of rocket-emitted chlorine on stratospheric ozone Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3621-2026
- Indirect climate impacts of the Hunga eruption E. Bednarz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-197-2026
- Assessing the impact of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption on the structure of the Brewer-Dobson circulation: Possible Implications V. Veenus & S. Das https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.11.075
- Comparing multi-model ensemble simulations with observations and decadal projections of upper atmospheric variations following the Hunga eruption Z. Zhuo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13161-2025
- Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 P. Neale et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
- Estimates of condensed water in and energetics of the Hunga volcanic plume on 15 January 2022 S. McNutt et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-01978-6
- Satellite quantification of enhanced methane oxidation applied to the stratospheric plume following Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption M. van Herpen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72191-4
- The role of submarine volcanism in atmospheric chemistry M. Colombier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119690
- Organics in the stratosphere: new insights from weather balloon flights conducted in France R. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01106-9
- Retrieval of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficients from sun-normalized Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) measurements A. Rozanov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6677-2024
- Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) retrievals of mid-stratospheric aerosols from the 2022 Hunga Eruption R. Spurr et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-993-2026
- Radiative forcing and stratospheric ozone changes due to major forest fires and recent volcanic eruptions including Hunga Tonga C. Brühl et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18697-2025
- Impact of water vapor on stratospheric temperature after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption: direct radiative cooling versus indirect warming by facilitating large particle formation X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01056-2
- Sunburned plankton: ultraviolet radiation inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the Community Earth System Model version 2 J. Coupe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8217-2025
- Evidence of a transient ozone depletion event in the early Hunga plume above the Indian Ocean T. Millet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption on the Stratospheric Environment Q. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040483
- The impact of rocket-emitted chlorine on stratospheric ozone Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3621-2026
- Indirect climate impacts of the Hunga eruption E. Bednarz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-197-2026
- Assessing the impact of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption on the structure of the Brewer-Dobson circulation: Possible Implications V. Veenus & S. Das https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.11.075
- Comparing multi-model ensemble simulations with observations and decadal projections of upper atmospheric variations following the Hunga eruption Z. Zhuo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13161-2025
- Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 P. Neale et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
- Estimates of condensed water in and energetics of the Hunga volcanic plume on 15 January 2022 S. McNutt et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-01978-6
- Satellite quantification of enhanced methane oxidation applied to the stratospheric plume following Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption M. van Herpen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72191-4
- The role of submarine volcanism in atmospheric chemistry M. Colombier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119690
- Organics in the stratosphere: new insights from weather balloon flights conducted in France R. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01106-9
- Retrieval of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficients from sun-normalized Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) measurements A. Rozanov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6677-2024
- Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (BUV) retrievals of mid-stratospheric aerosols from the 2022 Hunga Eruption R. Spurr et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-993-2026
- Radiative forcing and stratospheric ozone changes due to major forest fires and recent volcanic eruptions including Hunga Tonga C. Brühl et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18697-2025
- Impact of water vapor on stratospheric temperature after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption: direct radiative cooling versus indirect warming by facilitating large particle formation X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01056-2
- Sunburned plankton: ultraviolet radiation inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the Community Earth System Model version 2 J. Coupe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8217-2025
- Evidence of a transient ozone depletion event in the early Hunga plume above the Indian Ocean T. Millet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Jul 2026
Short summary
The 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption injected a large amount of water into the stratosphere. Ozone depletion was observed inside the volcanic plume. Chlorine and water vapor injected by this eruption exceeded the normal range, which made the ozone chemistry during this event occur at a higher temperature than polar ozone depletion. Unlike polar ozone chemistry where chlorine nitrate is more important, hypochlorous acid plays a large role in the in-plume chlorine balance and heterogeneous processes.
The 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption injected a large amount of water into the stratosphere. Ozone...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint