Articles | Volume 22, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-739-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-739-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jan 2022
Research article |
| 18 Jan 2022
| 18 Jan 2022
Long-term characterisation of the vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer over the Canary Islands using lidar and radiosonde profiles: implications for radiative and cloud processes over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean
África Barreto
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Atmospheric Optics Group of Valladolid University (GOA–UVa), Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
Emilio Cuevas
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Rosa D. García
TRAGSATEC, Madrid, Spain
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Judit Carrillo
Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Joseph M. Prospero
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, USA
Luka Ilić
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Sara Basart
Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, Spain
Alberto J. Berjón
TRAGSATEC, Madrid, Spain
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Carlos L. Marrero
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Yballa Hernández
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Consejería de Educación, Universidades y Sostenibilidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Juan José Bustos
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Slobodan Ničković
Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Margarita Yela
Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research Department, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Madrid, Spain
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Optical Properties and Radiative Forcing Estimations of High-Altitude Aerosol Transport During Saharan Dust Events Based on Laser Remote Sensing Techniques (CLIMPACT Campaign 2021, Greece) A. Papayannis et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213607
- Estimation of the Mass Concentration of Volcanic Ash Using Ceilometers: Study of Fresh and Transported Plumes from La Palma Volcano A. Bedoya-Velásquez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225680
- Aerosol variability over oceans using micro-pulse lidar and photometer: insights from TRANSAMA ship-based campaign M. Sanchez-Barrero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-507-2026
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- Investigation on cloud vertical structures based on Ka-band cloud radar observations at Wuhan in Central China J. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106492
- Aerosol properties derived from ground-based Fourier transform spectra within the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network Ó. Alvárez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4861-2023
- A global evaluation of daily to seasonal aerosol and water vapor relationships using a combination of AERONET and NAAPS reanalysis data J. Rubin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4059-2023
- Compact dual-wavelength depolarization lidar for aerosol characterization over the subtropical North Atlantic Y. González et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1885-2025
- Transport and deposition of radionuclides from northern Africa to the southern Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands during the intense dust intrusions of March 2022 E. Liger et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141303
- Desert Sand and Dust Storms and Desert Dust Episodes: Major Patterns to be Accounted for to Protect the Health of Exposed Population: A Review X. Querol et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00201
- Spectral Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Efficiency of the La Palma Volcanic Plume over the Izaña Observatory R. García et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010173
- Impact of spectral aerosol radiative forcing at the Izaña observatory during the August 2023 extreme wildfires R. García et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3151-2026
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- Dust events characterization from visibility, trends and Dust Adversity Index in the Canary Islands for the period 1980–2022 D. Suárez-Molina et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31262
- Characterization of the annual cycle of atmospheric aerosol over Mindelo, Cabo Verde, by means of continuous multiwavelength lidar observations H. Gebauer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3439-2026
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- Volcanic Eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Spain: A First Insight to the Particulate Matter Injected in the Troposphere M. Sicard et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102470
- Unravelling the transport of moisture into the Saharan Air Layer using passive tracers and isotopes F. Dahinden et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1187
- Influence of winter Saharan dust on equatorial Atlantic variability I. Vallès-Casanova et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01926-2
- A 1.8 m Class Pathfinder Raman LIDAR for the Northern Site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory—Technical Design O. Ballester et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17061074
- African dust particles over the western Caribbean: Chemical characterization D. Rosas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121095
- Numerical investigation on size retrieval error for coated dust aerosol with different shape distributions based on spherical shape assumption and the effects on radiative estimation J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109792
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- Aerosol retrievals derived from a low-cost Calitoo sun-photometer taken on board a research vessel R. García et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120888
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Aerosols in the Mixed Layer and Mid-Troposphere from Long-Term Data of the Italian Automated Lidar-Ceilometer Network (ALICENET) and Comparison with the ERA5 and CAMS Models A. Bellini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030372
- Optical Properties and Radiative Forcing Estimations of High-Altitude Aerosol Transport During Saharan Dust Events Based on Laser Remote Sensing Techniques (CLIMPACT Campaign 2021, Greece) A. Papayannis et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17213607
- Estimation of the Mass Concentration of Volcanic Ash Using Ceilometers: Study of Fresh and Transported Plumes from La Palma Volcano A. Bedoya-Velásquez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225680
- Aerosol variability over oceans using micro-pulse lidar and photometer: insights from TRANSAMA ship-based campaign M. Sanchez-Barrero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-507-2026
- A 1.8 m Class Pathfinder Raman LIDAR for the Northern Site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory—Performance P. Bauzá-Ruiz et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111815
- Aerosol characterisation in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic region using long-term AERONET measurements Á. Barreto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11105-2022
- The impact of Sahara dust aerosols on the three-dimensional structure of precipitation systems of different sizes in spring J. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-15-2026
- Investigation on cloud vertical structures based on Ka-band cloud radar observations at Wuhan in Central China J. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106492
- Aerosol properties derived from ground-based Fourier transform spectra within the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network Ó. Alvárez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4861-2023
- A global evaluation of daily to seasonal aerosol and water vapor relationships using a combination of AERONET and NAAPS reanalysis data J. Rubin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4059-2023
- Compact dual-wavelength depolarization lidar for aerosol characterization over the subtropical North Atlantic Y. González et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1885-2025
- Transport and deposition of radionuclides from northern Africa to the southern Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands during the intense dust intrusions of March 2022 E. Liger et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141303
- Desert Sand and Dust Storms and Desert Dust Episodes: Major Patterns to be Accounted for to Protect the Health of Exposed Population: A Review X. Querol et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00201
- Spectral Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Efficiency of the La Palma Volcanic Plume over the Izaña Observatory R. García et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010173
- Impact of spectral aerosol radiative forcing at the Izaña observatory during the August 2023 extreme wildfires R. García et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3151-2026
- Volcanic plume height during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma) from two complementary monitoring methods – implications for satellite-based products Á. Barreto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1385-2026
- Dust events characterization from visibility, trends and Dust Adversity Index in the Canary Islands for the period 1980–2022 D. Suárez-Molina et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31262
- Characterization of the annual cycle of atmospheric aerosol over Mindelo, Cabo Verde, by means of continuous multiwavelength lidar observations H. Gebauer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3439-2026
- Impact of the 2021 La Palma volcanic eruption on air quality: Insights from a multidisciplinary approach C. Milford et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161652
- Volcanic Eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Spain: A First Insight to the Particulate Matter Injected in the Troposphere M. Sicard et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102470
- Unravelling the transport of moisture into the Saharan Air Layer using passive tracers and isotopes F. Dahinden et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1187
- Influence of winter Saharan dust on equatorial Atlantic variability I. Vallès-Casanova et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01926-2
- A 1.8 m Class Pathfinder Raman LIDAR for the Northern Site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory—Technical Design O. Ballester et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17061074
- African dust particles over the western Caribbean: Chemical characterization D. Rosas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121095
- Numerical investigation on size retrieval error for coated dust aerosol with different shape distributions based on spherical shape assumption and the effects on radiative estimation J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109792
- The ice-nucleating activity of African mineral dust in the Caribbean boundary layer A. Harrison et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9663-2022
- The Langley ratio method, a new approach for transferring photometer calibration from direct sun measurements A. Almansa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-659-2024
- Aerosol retrievals derived from a low-cost Calitoo sun-photometer taken on board a research vessel R. García et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120888
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 May 2026
Short summary
In this study, we categorise the different patterns of dust transport over the subtropical North Atlantic and for the first time robustly describe the dust vertical distribution in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over this region. Our results revealed the important role that both dust and water vapour play in the radiative balance in summer and winter and confirm the role of the SAL in the formation of mid-level clouds as a result of the activation of heterogeneous ice nucleation processes.
In this study, we categorise the different patterns of dust transport over the subtropical North...
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