New investigations on homogeneous ice  nucleation: the effects of water activity  and water saturation formulations

Baumgartner, Manuel; Rolf, Christian; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Schneider, Julia; Schorr, Tobias; Möhler, Ottmar; Spichtinger, Peter; Krämer, Martina

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-65-2022

Articles | Volume 22, issue 1

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Articles | Volume 22, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-65-2022

Articles | Volume 22, issue 1

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Peer review
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Research article

03 Jan 2022

Research article |

| 03 Jan 2022

New investigations on homogeneous ice nucleation: the effects of water activity and water saturation formulations

Manuel Baumgartner, Christian Rolf, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Julia Schneider, Tobias Schorr, Ottmar Möhler, Peter Spichtinger, and Martina Krämer

Manuel Baumgartner

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

manuel.baumgartner@dwd.de

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-7189

Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

now at: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany

Christian Rolf

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-0054

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research 7 – Stratosphere, Jülich, Germany

Jens-Uwe Grooß

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-866X

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research 7 – Stratosphere, Jülich, Germany

Julia Schneider

Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Tobias Schorr

Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Ottmar Möhler

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-9814

Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Peter Spichtinger

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-4977

Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Martina Krämer

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-1722

Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research 7 – Stratosphere, Jülich, Germany

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Total article views: 3,361 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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PDF: 645
XML: 34
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BibTeX: 48
EndNote: 43

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2022	322	86	6	414
Feb 2022	107	41	2	150
Mar 2022	129	45	0	174
Apr 2022	78	37	1	116
May 2022	68	17	1	86
Jun 2022	61	8	0	69
Jul 2022	78	9	2	89
Aug 2022	111	33	0	144
Sep 2022	57	10	0	67
Oct 2022	49	3	1	53
Nov 2022	76	5	0	81
Dec 2022	58	7	0	65
Jan 2023	31	18	1	50
Feb 2023	30	16	0	46
Mar 2023	34	11	0	45
Apr 2023	17	7	1	25
May 2023	18	5	1	24
Jun 2023	26	12	0	38
Jul 2023	74	17	1	92
Aug 2023	27	21	3	51
Sep 2023	20	16	0	36
Oct 2023	27	20	1	48
Nov 2023	15	6	0	21
Dec 2023	20	7	0	27
Jan 2024	234	11	1	246
Feb 2024	22	10	0	32
Mar 2024	42	23	1	66
Apr 2024	27	11	3	41
May 2024	25	9	2	36
Jun 2024	169	10	2	181
Jul 2024	389	14	1	404
Aug 2024	17	11	2	30
Sep 2024	21	10	0	31
Oct 2024	30	9	0	39
Nov 2024	32	13	1	46
Dec 2024	27	10	0	37
Jan 2025	43	20	0	63
Feb 2025	34	14	0	48
Mar 2025	31	13	0	44
Apr 2025	6	0	6

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 03 Jan 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2022	322	86	6	414
Feb 2022	107	41	2	150
Mar 2022	129	45	0	174
Apr 2022	78	37	1	116
May 2022	68	17	1	86
Jun 2022	61	8	0	69
Jul 2022	78	9	2	89
Aug 2022	111	33	0	144
Sep 2022	57	10	0	67
Oct 2022	49	3	1	53
Nov 2022	76	5	0	81
Dec 2022	58	7	0	65
Jan 2023	31	18	1	50
Feb 2023	30	16	0	46
Mar 2023	34	11	0	45
Apr 2023	17	7	1	25
May 2023	18	5	1	24
Jun 2023	26	12	0	38
Jul 2023	74	17	1	92
Aug 2023	27	21	3	51
Sep 2023	20	16	0	36
Oct 2023	27	20	1	48
Nov 2023	15	6	0	21
Dec 2023	20	7	0	27
Jan 2024	234	11	1	246
Feb 2024	22	10	0	32
Mar 2024	42	23	1	66
Apr 2024	27	11	3	41
May 2024	25	9	2	36
Jun 2024	169	10	2	181
Jul 2024	389	14	1	404
Aug 2024	17	11	2	30
Sep 2024	21	10	0	31
Oct 2024	30	9	0	39
Nov 2024	32	13	1	46
Dec 2024	27	10	0	37
Jan 2025	43	20	0	63
Feb 2025	34	14	0	48
Mar 2025	31	13	0	44
Apr 2025	6	0	6

Total article views: 883 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
515	351	17	883	9	8

HTML: 515
PDF: 351
XML: 17
Total: 883
BibTeX: 9
EndNote: 8

Views and downloads (calculated since 21 Apr 2021)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2022	322	86	6	414
Feb 2022	107	41	2	150
Mar 2022	129	45	0	174
Apr 2022	78	37	1	116
May 2022	68	17	1	86
Jun 2022	61	8	0	69
Jul 2022	78	9	2	89
Aug 2022	111	33	0	144
Sep 2022	57	10	0	67
Oct 2022	49	3	1	53
Nov 2022	76	5	0	81
Dec 2022	58	7	0	65
Jan 2023	31	18	1	50
Feb 2023	30	16	0	46
Mar 2023	34	11	0	45
Apr 2023	17	7	1	25
May 2023	18	5	1	24
Jun 2023	26	12	0	38
Jul 2023	74	17	1	92
Aug 2023	27	21	3	51
Sep 2023	20	16	0	36
Oct 2023	27	20	1	48
Nov 2023	15	6	0	21
Dec 2023	20	7	0	27
Jan 2024	234	11	1	246
Feb 2024	22	10	0	32
Mar 2024	42	23	1	66
Apr 2024	27	11	3	41
May 2024	25	9	2	36
Jun 2024	169	10	2	181
Jul 2024	389	14	1	404
Aug 2024	17	11	2	30
Sep 2024	21	10	0	31
Oct 2024	30	9	0	39
Nov 2024	32	13	1	46
Dec 2024	27	10	0	37
Jan 2025	43	20	0	63
Feb 2025	34	14	0	48
Mar 2025	31	13	0	44
Apr 2025	6	0	6

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 21 Apr 2021)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2022	322	86	6	414
Feb 2022	107	41	2	150
Mar 2022	129	45	0	174
Apr 2022	78	37	1	116
May 2022	68	17	1	86
Jun 2022	61	8	0	69
Jul 2022	78	9	2	89
Aug 2022	111	33	0	144
Sep 2022	57	10	0	67
Oct 2022	49	3	1	53
Nov 2022	76	5	0	81
Dec 2022	58	7	0	65
Jan 2023	31	18	1	50
Feb 2023	30	16	0	46
Mar 2023	34	11	0	45
Apr 2023	17	7	1	25
May 2023	18	5	1	24
Jun 2023	26	12	0	38
Jul 2023	74	17	1	92
Aug 2023	27	21	3	51
Sep 2023	20	16	0	36
Oct 2023	27	20	1	48
Nov 2023	15	6	0	21
Dec 2023	20	7	0	27
Jan 2024	234	11	1	246
Feb 2024	22	10	0	32
Mar 2024	42	23	1	66
Apr 2024	27	11	3	41
May 2024	25	9	2	36
Jun 2024	169	10	2	181
Jul 2024	389	14	1	404
Aug 2024	17	11	2	30
Sep 2024	21	10	0	31
Oct 2024	30	9	0	39
Nov 2024	32	13	1	46
Dec 2024	27	10	0	37
Jan 2025	43	20	0	63
Feb 2025	34	14	0	48
Mar 2025	31	13	0	44
Apr 2025	6	0	6

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China	2	1015	23
Germany	3	753	17
France	4	147	3
United Kingdom	5	86	2

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United States of America	1	1231	36
China	2	950	28
Germany	3	549	16
France	4	93	2
United Kingdom	5	69	2

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	333	37
Germany	2	204	23
China	3	65	7
France	4	54	6
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Total:	0
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1
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1564


Total:	0
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1
1231

1231


Total:	0
HTML:	0
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Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

11 citations as recorded by crossref.

A Lagrangian Perspective of Microphysical Impact on Ice Cloud Evolution and Radiative Heating S. Sullivan et al. 10.1029/2022MS003226
The dehydration carousel of stratospheric water vapor in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone P. Konopka et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12935-2023
A simple model to assess the impact of gravity waves on ice-crystal populations in the tropical tropopause layer M. Corcos et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6923-2023
Study of optical scattering properties and direct radiative effects of high-altitude cirrus clouds in Barcelona, Spain, with 4 years of lidar measurements C. Gil-Díaz et al. 10.5194/acp-25-3445-2025
Homogeneous Freezing Events Sampled in the Tropical Tropopause Layer E. Jensen et al. 10.1029/2022JD036535
The Mission Support System (MSS v7.0.4) and its use in planning for the SouthTRAC aircraft campaign R. Bauer et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-8983-2022
Ice fog observed at cirrus temperatures at Dome C, Antarctic Plateau É. Vignon et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12857-2022
Impacts of Cloud‐Processing on Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles Internally Mixed With Sulfate and Organics K. Gao & Z. Kanji 10.1029/2022JD037146
Impact of formulations of the homogeneous nucleation rate on ice nucleation events in cirrus P. Spichtinger et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2035-2023
Experimental Determination of the Relationship Between Organic Aerosol Viscosity and Ice Nucleation at Upper Free Tropospheric Conditions S. Kasparoglu et al. 10.1029/2021JD036296
Water Supersaturation for Early Mars A. Delavois et al. 10.1029/2022JE007424

11 citations as recorded by crossref.

A Lagrangian Perspective of Microphysical Impact on Ice Cloud Evolution and Radiative Heating S. Sullivan et al. 10.1029/2022MS003226
The dehydration carousel of stratospheric water vapor in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone P. Konopka et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12935-2023
A simple model to assess the impact of gravity waves on ice-crystal populations in the tropical tropopause layer M. Corcos et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6923-2023
Study of optical scattering properties and direct radiative effects of high-altitude cirrus clouds in Barcelona, Spain, with 4 years of lidar measurements C. Gil-Díaz et al. 10.5194/acp-25-3445-2025
Homogeneous Freezing Events Sampled in the Tropical Tropopause Layer E. Jensen et al. 10.1029/2022JD036535
The Mission Support System (MSS v7.0.4) and its use in planning for the SouthTRAC aircraft campaign R. Bauer et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-8983-2022
Ice fog observed at cirrus temperatures at Dome C, Antarctic Plateau É. Vignon et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12857-2022
Impacts of Cloud‐Processing on Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles Internally Mixed With Sulfate and Organics K. Gao & Z. Kanji 10.1029/2022JD037146
Impact of formulations of the homogeneous nucleation rate on ice nucleation events in cirrus P. Spichtinger et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2035-2023
Experimental Determination of the Relationship Between Organic Aerosol Viscosity and Ice Nucleation at Upper Free Tropospheric Conditions S. Kasparoglu et al. 10.1029/2021JD036296
Water Supersaturation for Early Mars A. Delavois et al. 10.1029/2022JE007424

Latest update: 05 Apr 2025

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Short summary

An important mechanism for the appearance of ice particles in the upper troposphere at low temperatures is homogeneous nucleation. This process is commonly described by the Koop line, predicting the humidity at freezing. However, laboratory measurements suggest that the freezing humidities are above the Koop line, motivating the present study to investigate the influence of different physical parameterizations on the homogeneous freezing with the help of a detailed numerical model.

An important mechanism for the appearance of ice particles in the upper troposphere at low...

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