Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5099-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5099-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 19 Apr 2022
| 19 Apr 2022
Oxidation pathways and emission sources of atmospheric particulate nitrate in Seoul: based on δ15N and Δ17O measurements
Saehee Lim
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
Joel Savarino
Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
Paolo Laj
Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Understanding the Driving Forces of Summer PM1 Composition in Seoul, Korea, with Explainable Machine Learning Q. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.3c00116
- Research Progress on Stable Nitrogen Isotope Tracing of Atmospheric Nitrate Sources C. DUAN et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/EE.1672-9250.2024.52.065
- Increasing Nonfossil Fuel Contributions to Atmospheric Nitrate in Urban China from Observation to Prediction M. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01651
- Vertical Differences of Nitrate Sources in Urban Boundary Layer Based on Tower Measurements M. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00600
- PM2.5 nitrate formation during winter haze episodes: insights from Seoul, South Korea H. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EM00589B
- Regional characteristics of fine aerosol mass increase elucidated from long-term observations and KORUS-AQ campaign at a Northeast Asian background site S. Lim et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00020
- Unraveling spatially heterogeneous drivers of winter PM2.5 in China through synchronous observations and explainable machine learning H. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.122285
- An Analysis of Primary Contributing Sources to the PM2.5 Composition in a Port City in Canada Influenced by Traffic, Marine, and Wildfire Emissions S. Delbari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120712
- Contrasting long-range transport signals of metropolitan PM2.5 in South Korea detected by SPARTAN observations S. Eom et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2026.103088
- Exploring fine-aerosol episodes in urban Seoul during the cold season of the 2021 SIJAQ campaign: Measurement evidences of heterogeneous reactions on black carbon particles S. Lim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120926
- A 60-year atmospheric nitrate isotope record from a southeastern Greenland ice core with minimal postdepositional alteration Z. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5727-2025
- An inverse model to correct for the effects of post-depositional processing on ice-core nitrate and its isotopes: model framework and applications at Summit, Greenland, and Dome C, Antarctica Z. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4895-2024
- Aerosol liquid water in PM2.5 and its roles in secondary aerosol formation at a regional site of Yangtze River Delta R. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.030
- Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources S. Albertin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024
- Chemical characterization and dual isotope-based nitrate source identification of PM2.5 over the Chinese marginal seas G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120192
- Long-term study of chemical characteristics of aerosol compositions in the rural environment of Rūgšteliškis (Lithuania) T. Gill et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102048
- Formation pathways of particulate NO3− and sources of its precursor over the northwest India: Insights through dual isotopes C. Shaw et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121426
- Investigation of the Formation and Photolysis Characteristics of HONO and their Effect on O3 Formation in the Daejeon and Seoul Atmosphere during Winter N. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2024.40.3.302
- Application of Stable Isotope Techniques in Tracing the Sources of Atmospheric NOX and Nitrate S. Zhen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122549
- Reducing particulate NO3− of PM2.5 under an ammonia-rich environment: Role of NH3 and aerosol pH using ISORROPIA-II model J. Choi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120988
- Development of a multi-module data-driven integrated framework for identifying drivers of atmospheric particulate nitrate and reduction emissions: An application in an industrial city, China J. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109394
- Seasonal Characteristics of HONO Variations in Seoul during 2021~2022 J. Gil et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2023.39.3.308
- Riverine nitrate source identification combining δ15N/δ18O-NO3− with Δ17O-NO3− and a nitrification 15N-enrichment factor in a drinking water source region L. Shu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170617
- Nitrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for the formation and sources of nitrate aerosols in eastern China L. Jiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.011
- Formation of Nitrate in the Residual Layer of Beijing: Pathways Evaluation and Contributions to the Ground Level Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02981
- Disentangling Nitrate Formation and Sources over East Asia and North America via Computational Quantum Chemistry-Guided Isotope Tracing Method J. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c02964
- Effects of Regional Transport for the Sources and Formation Mechanism of Nitrate Components in Mount Lu Fog Water H. LI et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/EE.1672-9250.2024.52.005
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Understanding the Driving Forces of Summer PM1 Composition in Seoul, Korea, with Explainable Machine Learning Q. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.3c00116
- Research Progress on Stable Nitrogen Isotope Tracing of Atmospheric Nitrate Sources C. DUAN et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/EE.1672-9250.2024.52.065
- Increasing Nonfossil Fuel Contributions to Atmospheric Nitrate in Urban China from Observation to Prediction M. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01651
- Vertical Differences of Nitrate Sources in Urban Boundary Layer Based on Tower Measurements M. Fan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00600
- PM2.5 nitrate formation during winter haze episodes: insights from Seoul, South Korea H. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EM00589B
- Regional characteristics of fine aerosol mass increase elucidated from long-term observations and KORUS-AQ campaign at a Northeast Asian background site S. Lim et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00020
- Unraveling spatially heterogeneous drivers of winter PM2.5 in China through synchronous observations and explainable machine learning H. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.122285
- An Analysis of Primary Contributing Sources to the PM2.5 Composition in a Port City in Canada Influenced by Traffic, Marine, and Wildfire Emissions S. Delbari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120712
- Contrasting long-range transport signals of metropolitan PM2.5 in South Korea detected by SPARTAN observations S. Eom et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2026.103088
- Exploring fine-aerosol episodes in urban Seoul during the cold season of the 2021 SIJAQ campaign: Measurement evidences of heterogeneous reactions on black carbon particles S. Lim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120926
- A 60-year atmospheric nitrate isotope record from a southeastern Greenland ice core with minimal postdepositional alteration Z. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5727-2025
- An inverse model to correct for the effects of post-depositional processing on ice-core nitrate and its isotopes: model framework and applications at Summit, Greenland, and Dome C, Antarctica Z. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4895-2024
- Aerosol liquid water in PM2.5 and its roles in secondary aerosol formation at a regional site of Yangtze River Delta R. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.030
- Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources S. Albertin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024
- Chemical characterization and dual isotope-based nitrate source identification of PM2.5 over the Chinese marginal seas G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120192
- Long-term study of chemical characteristics of aerosol compositions in the rural environment of Rūgšteliškis (Lithuania) T. Gill et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102048
- Formation pathways of particulate NO3− and sources of its precursor over the northwest India: Insights through dual isotopes C. Shaw et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121426
- Investigation of the Formation and Photolysis Characteristics of HONO and their Effect on O3 Formation in the Daejeon and Seoul Atmosphere during Winter N. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2024.40.3.302
- Application of Stable Isotope Techniques in Tracing the Sources of Atmospheric NOX and Nitrate S. Zhen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122549
- Reducing particulate NO3− of PM2.5 under an ammonia-rich environment: Role of NH3 and aerosol pH using ISORROPIA-II model J. Choi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120988
- Development of a multi-module data-driven integrated framework for identifying drivers of atmospheric particulate nitrate and reduction emissions: An application in an industrial city, China J. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109394
- Seasonal Characteristics of HONO Variations in Seoul during 2021~2022 J. Gil et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2023.39.3.308
- Riverine nitrate source identification combining δ15N/δ18O-NO3− with Δ17O-NO3− and a nitrification 15N-enrichment factor in a drinking water source region L. Shu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170617
- Nitrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for the formation and sources of nitrate aerosols in eastern China L. Jiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.011
- Formation of Nitrate in the Residual Layer of Beijing: Pathways Evaluation and Contributions to the Ground Level Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02981
- Disentangling Nitrate Formation and Sources over East Asia and North America via Computational Quantum Chemistry-Guided Isotope Tracing Method J. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c02964
- Effects of Regional Transport for the Sources and Formation Mechanism of Nitrate Components in Mount Lu Fog Water H. LI et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/EE.1672-9250.2024.52.005
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 29 Oct 2026
Short summary
We determined δ15N(NO3−) and Δ17O(NO3−) of PM2.5 in Seoul during 2018–2019 and estimated quantitatively the contribution of oxidation pathways to NO3− formation and NOx emission sources. The nighttime pathway played a significant role in NO3− formation during the winter, and its contribution further increased up to 70 % on haze days when PM2.5 was greater than 75 µg m−3. Vehicle emissions were confirmed as a main NO3− source with an increasing contribution from coal combustion in winter.
We determined δ15N(NO3−) and Δ17O(NO3−) of PM2.5 in Seoul during 2018–2019 and estimated...
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