Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15559-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15559-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 12 Dec 2022
| 12 Dec 2022
Vertical structure of the lower-stratospheric moist bias in the ERA5 reanalysis and its connection to mixing processes
Konstantin Krüger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für
Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Andreas Schäfler
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für
Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Martin Wirth
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für
Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Martin Weissmann
Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Wien,
Vienna, Austria
George C. Craig
Meteorologisches Institut München,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Machine learning for improvement of upper-tropospheric relative humidity in ERA5 weather model data Z. Wang et al.
- Predicting ice supersaturation for contrail avoidance: ensemble forecasting using ICON with two-moment ice microphysics M. Hanst et al.
- Influence of temperature and humidity on contrail formation regions in the general circulation model EMAC: a spring case study P. Peter et al.
- Neural general circulation models for modeling precipitation J. Yuval et al.
- Influence of radiosonde observations on the sharpness and altitude of the midlatitude tropopause in the ECMWF IFS K. Krüger et al.
- Reanalysis comparisons in tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere T. Zhang et al.
- Characterizing the tropospheric water vapor spatial variation and trend using 2007–2018 COSMIC radio occultation and ECMWF reanalysis data X. Shao et al.
- The ice supersaturation biases limiting contrail modelling are structured around extratropical depressions O. Driver et al.
- Evaluating reanalysis representations of climatological trace gas distributions in the Asian monsoon tropopause layer J. Wright et al.
- Evaluation of upper-tropospheric lower-stratospheric properties over the Asian monsoon region in a storm-resolving model S. Sullivan et al.
- Technical note: Hybrid machine learning model for bias correction of UTLS relative humidity against IAGOS observations in ERA5 reanalysis M. Antonopoulos et al.
- A machine-learning-based marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) moisture profile retrieval product from GNSS-RO deep refraction signals J. Gong et al.
- Correction of ERA5 temperature and relative humidity biases by bivariate quantile mapping for contrail formation analysis K. Wolf et al.
- Investigation of Summer Raindrop Size Distributions and Associated Relations in the Semi-arid Region over Inner Mongolian Plateau, China L. Sha et al.
- Seasonality of the Quasi-biennial Oscillation signal in water vapor in the tropical stratosphere Q. Lu et al.
- Assessment of Large Forest Fires in the Canary Islands and Their Relationship with Subsidence Thermal Inversion and Atmospheric Conditions J. Correa & P. Dorta
- Global and regional drivers for exceptional climate extremes in 2023-2024: beyond the new normal S. Minobe et al.
- Case study on the influence of synoptic-scale processes on the paired H2O–O3 distribution in the UTLS across a North Atlantic jet stream A. Schäfler et al.
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Machine learning for improvement of upper-tropospheric relative humidity in ERA5 weather model data Z. Wang et al.
- Predicting ice supersaturation for contrail avoidance: ensemble forecasting using ICON with two-moment ice microphysics M. Hanst et al.
- Influence of temperature and humidity on contrail formation regions in the general circulation model EMAC: a spring case study P. Peter et al.
- Neural general circulation models for modeling precipitation J. Yuval et al.
- Influence of radiosonde observations on the sharpness and altitude of the midlatitude tropopause in the ECMWF IFS K. Krüger et al.
- Reanalysis comparisons in tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere T. Zhang et al.
- Characterizing the tropospheric water vapor spatial variation and trend using 2007–2018 COSMIC radio occultation and ECMWF reanalysis data X. Shao et al.
- The ice supersaturation biases limiting contrail modelling are structured around extratropical depressions O. Driver et al.
- Evaluating reanalysis representations of climatological trace gas distributions in the Asian monsoon tropopause layer J. Wright et al.
- Evaluation of upper-tropospheric lower-stratospheric properties over the Asian monsoon region in a storm-resolving model S. Sullivan et al.
- Technical note: Hybrid machine learning model for bias correction of UTLS relative humidity against IAGOS observations in ERA5 reanalysis M. Antonopoulos et al.
- A machine-learning-based marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) moisture profile retrieval product from GNSS-RO deep refraction signals J. Gong et al.
- Correction of ERA5 temperature and relative humidity biases by bivariate quantile mapping for contrail formation analysis K. Wolf et al.
- Investigation of Summer Raindrop Size Distributions and Associated Relations in the Semi-arid Region over Inner Mongolian Plateau, China L. Sha et al.
- Seasonality of the Quasi-biennial Oscillation signal in water vapor in the tropical stratosphere Q. Lu et al.
- Assessment of Large Forest Fires in the Canary Islands and Their Relationship with Subsidence Thermal Inversion and Atmospheric Conditions J. Correa & P. Dorta
- Global and regional drivers for exceptional climate extremes in 2023-2024: beyond the new normal S. Minobe et al.
- Case study on the influence of synoptic-scale processes on the paired H2O–O3 distribution in the UTLS across a North Atlantic jet stream A. Schäfler et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 May 2026
Short summary
A comprehensive data set of airborne lidar water vapour profiles is compared with ERA5 reanalyses for a robust characterization of the vertical structure of the mid-latitude lower-stratospheric moist bias. We confirm a moist bias of up to 55 % at 1.3 km altitude above the tropopause and uncover a decreasing bias beyond. Collocated O3 and H2O observations reveal a particularly strong bias in the mixing layer, indicating insufficiently modelled transport processes fostering the bias.
A comprehensive data set of airborne lidar water vapour profiles is compared with ERA5...
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