Articles | Volume 22, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12207-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Sep 2022
Research article |
| 19 Sep 2022
| 19 Sep 2022
The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on atmospheric new particle formation in Beijing
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Yicheng Shen
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
now at: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Dominik Stolzenburg
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Lubna Dada
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Ximeng Qi
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Simo Hakala
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Anu-Maija Sundström
Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
Yishuo Guo
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Antti Lipponen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Tom V. Kokkonen
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Jenni Kontkanen
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Runlong Cai
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Jing Cai
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Tommy Chan
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Liangduo Chen
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Chenjuan Deng
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Xiaolong Fan
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Xu-Cheng He
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Juha Kangasluoma
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Joni Kujansuu
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Mona Kurppa
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Chang Li
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Yiran Li
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Zhuohui Lin
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Yiliang Liu
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
Yuliang Liu
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
Wei Nie
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Jouni Pulliainen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
Xiaohui Qiao
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Yonghong Wang
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Yifan Wen
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Gan Yang
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Rujing Yin
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Gen Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of
Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Chinese
Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Shaojun Zhang
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Feixue Zheng
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Ying Zhou
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Antti Arola
Finnish Meteorological Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Johanna Tamminen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
Pauli Paasonen
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science,
Beijing, China
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan
University, Shanghai, China
Neil M. Donahue
Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Yongchun Liu
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Federico Bianchi
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Douglas R. Worsnop
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
Veli-Matti Kerminen
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Tuukka Petäjä
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
Jingkun Jiang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution
Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and
Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China
Markku Kulmala
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for
Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Research (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- High Concentration of Atmospheric Sub‐3 nm Particles in Polluted Environment of Eastern China: New Particle Formation and Traffic Emission L. Chen et al. 10.1029/2023JD039669
- Enigma of Urban Gaseous Oxygenated Organic Molecules: Precursor Type, Role of NOx, and Degree of Oxygenation L. Tian et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c05047
- A traffic-induced shift of ultrafine particle sources under COVID-19 soft lockdown in a subtropical urban area T. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108658
- Measurement report: The 4-year variability and influence of the Winter Olympics and other special events on air quality in urban Beijing during wintertime Y. Guo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6663-2023
- Comprehensive simulations of new particle formation events in Beijing with a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model C. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023
- Atmospheric nanoparticle growth D. Stolzenburg et al. 10.1103/RevModPhys.95.045002
- Significant reduction of ultrafine particle emission fluxes to the urban atmosphere during the COVID-19 lockdown A. Straaten et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156516
- Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison M. Okuljar et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12965-2023
- Opinion: The strength of long-term comprehensive observations to meet multiple grand challenges in different environments and in the atmosphere M. Kulmala et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14949-2023
- Unbalanced emission reductions of different species and sectors in China during COVID-19 lockdown derived by multi-species surface observation assimilation L. Kong et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023
- Reduction of anthropogenic emissions enhanced atmospheric new particle formation: Observational evidence during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics W. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120094
- Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period M. Conte et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119559
- Underestimated Contribution of Heavy Aromatics to Secondary Organic Aerosol Revealed by Comparative Assessments Using New and Traditional Methods L. Tian et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00252
- Observations and Modeling of Gaseous Nitrated Phenols in Urban Beijing: Insights From Seasonal Comparison and Budget Analysis M. Xia et al. 10.1029/2023JD039551
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- High Concentration of Atmospheric Sub‐3 nm Particles in Polluted Environment of Eastern China: New Particle Formation and Traffic Emission L. Chen et al. 10.1029/2023JD039669
- Enigma of Urban Gaseous Oxygenated Organic Molecules: Precursor Type, Role of NOx, and Degree of Oxygenation L. Tian et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c05047
- A traffic-induced shift of ultrafine particle sources under COVID-19 soft lockdown in a subtropical urban area T. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108658
- Measurement report: The 4-year variability and influence of the Winter Olympics and other special events on air quality in urban Beijing during wintertime Y. Guo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6663-2023
- Comprehensive simulations of new particle formation events in Beijing with a cluster dynamics–multicomponent sectional model C. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6879-2023
- Atmospheric nanoparticle growth D. Stolzenburg et al. 10.1103/RevModPhys.95.045002
- Significant reduction of ultrafine particle emission fluxes to the urban atmosphere during the COVID-19 lockdown A. Straaten et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156516
- Influence of anthropogenic emissions on the composition of highly oxygenated organic molecules in Helsinki: a street canyon and urban background station comparison M. Okuljar et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12965-2023
- Opinion: The strength of long-term comprehensive observations to meet multiple grand challenges in different environments and in the atmosphere M. Kulmala et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14949-2023
- Unbalanced emission reductions of different species and sectors in China during COVID-19 lockdown derived by multi-species surface observation assimilation L. Kong et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6217-2023
- Reduction of anthropogenic emissions enhanced atmospheric new particle formation: Observational evidence during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics W. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120094
- Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period M. Conte et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119559
- Underestimated Contribution of Heavy Aromatics to Secondary Organic Aerosol Revealed by Comparative Assessments Using New and Traditional Methods L. Tian et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00252
- Observations and Modeling of Gaseous Nitrated Phenols in Urban Beijing: Insights From Seasonal Comparison and Budget Analysis M. Xia et al. 10.1029/2023JD039551
Latest update: 25 Apr 2024
Short summary
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine particles. In urban environments, traffic emissions are a major source of primary pollutants, but their contribution to NPF remains under debate. During the COVID-19 lockdown, traffic emissions were significantly reduced, providing a unique chance to examine their relevance to NPF. Based on our comprehensive measurements, we demonstrate that traffic emissions alone are not able to explain the NPF in Beijing.
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a dominant source of atmospheric ultrafine...
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