Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9741-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9741-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ice multiplication from ice–ice collisions in the high Arctic: sensitivity to ice habit, rimed fraction, ice type and uncertainties in the numerical description of the process
Georgia Sotiropoulou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University & Bolin Center for
Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of
Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Luisa Ickes
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Athanasios Nenes
Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of
Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece
Annica M. L. Ekman
Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University & Bolin Center for
Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
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13 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Distinct secondary ice production processes observed in radar Doppler spectra: insights from a case study A. Billault-Roux et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023
- Implementation of primary and secondary ice production in EC-Earth3-AerChem: global impacts and insights M. Costa-Surós et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2667-2026
- Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations P. Grzegorczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774
- Potential impacts of marine fuel regulations on an Arctic stratocumulus case and its radiative response L. Escusa dos Santos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-119-2025
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part II - Effects on the cloud formation and development P. Grzegorczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107797
- Unraveling ice multiplication in winter orographic clouds via in-situ observations, remote sensing and modeling P. Georgakaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00671-9
- Retrieving ice-nucleating particle concentration and ice multiplication factors using active remote sensing validated by in situ observations J. Wieder et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9767-2022
- Measurement report: Influence of particle density on secondary ice production by graupel and frozen drop collisions S. Yadav et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8671-2025
- Effects of secondary ice processes on a stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak M. Karalis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106302
- The chance of freezing – a conceptional study to parameterize temperature-dependent freezing by including randomness of ice-nucleating particle concentrations H. Frostenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10883-2023
- Importance of secondary ice production in mixed-phase monsoon clouds over the Indian subcontinent S. Patade et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107890
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The influence of multiple groups of biological ice nucleating particles on microphysical properties of mixed-phase clouds observed during MC3E S. Patade et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12055-2022
- Distinct secondary ice production processes observed in radar Doppler spectra: insights from a case study A. Billault-Roux et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023
- Implementation of primary and secondary ice production in EC-Earth3-AerChem: global impacts and insights M. Costa-Surós et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2667-2026
- Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations P. Grzegorczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774
- Potential impacts of marine fuel regulations on an Arctic stratocumulus case and its radiative response L. Escusa dos Santos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-119-2025
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part II - Effects on the cloud formation and development P. Grzegorczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107797
- Unraveling ice multiplication in winter orographic clouds via in-situ observations, remote sensing and modeling P. Georgakaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00671-9
- Retrieving ice-nucleating particle concentration and ice multiplication factors using active remote sensing validated by in situ observations J. Wieder et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9767-2022
- Measurement report: Influence of particle density on secondary ice production by graupel and frozen drop collisions S. Yadav et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8671-2025
- Effects of secondary ice processes on a stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak M. Karalis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106302
- The chance of freezing – a conceptional study to parameterize temperature-dependent freezing by including randomness of ice-nucleating particle concentrations H. Frostenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10883-2023
- Importance of secondary ice production in mixed-phase monsoon clouds over the Indian subcontinent S. Patade et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107890
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 Sep 2026
Short summary
Mixed-phase clouds are a large source of uncertainty in projections of the Arctic climate. This is partly due to the poor representation of the cloud ice formation processes. Implementing a parameterization for ice multiplication due to mechanical breakup upon collision of two ice particles in a high-resolution model improves cloud ice phase representation; however, cloud liquid remains overestimated.
Mixed-phase clouds are a large source of uncertainty in projections of the Arctic climate. This...
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