Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9309-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9309-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Non-linear response of PM2.5 to changes in NOx and NH3 emissions in the Po basin (Italy): consequences for air quality plans
Philippe Thunis
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
Alain Clappier
Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement, Strasbourg, France
Matthias Beekmann
Université de Paris and Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013 Paris, France
Jean Philippe Putaud
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
Cornelis Cuvelier
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
retired
Jessie Madrazo
Signa Terre SA, Geneva, Switzerland
Alexander de Meij
MetClim, Varese, Italy
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58 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reducing biomass burning is key to decrease PM2.5 exposure in European cities S. Zauli-Sajani et al.
- The global and regional air quality impacts of dietary change M. Springmann et al.
- Co-benefits of transport demand reductions from compact urban development in Chinese cities X. Fu et al.
- Revisiting Total Particle Number Measurements for Vehicle Exhaust Regulations B. Giechaskiel et al.
- Association Between Exposure to Air Pollutant Mixture and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Modifying Effects of Healthy Lifestyle and Residential Greenspace R. Bai et al.
- A machine learning-based ensemble model for estimating diurnal variations of nitrogen oxide concentrations in Taiwan A. Asri et al.
- A Numerical Study of Reducing O3 and Pm2.5 Simultaneously in Taiwan M. Chuang et al.
- Assessing the impacts and feasibility of emissions reduction scenarios in the Po Valley L. Colombo et al.
- Global sensitivities of reactive N and S gas and particle concentrations and deposition to precursor emissions reductions Y. Ge et al.
- Source contribution analysis of PM2.5 using Response Surface Model and Particulate Source Apportionment Technology over the PRD region, China Z. Li et al.
- Spatiotemporal Estimation and Analysis of PM2.5 Concentrations in Wuhan Utilizing Multisource Remote Sensing Data and NOx as Inputs for Machine Learning Models J. Song et al.
- A multi-year source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the southern Po Valley (Italy) F. Scotto et al.
- Monitoring ammonia concentrations in more than 10 stations in the Po Valley for the period 2007–2022 in relation to the evolution of different sources C. Colombi et al.
- National climate action can ameliorate, perpetuate, or exacerbate international air pollution inequalities M. Nawaz & D. Henze
- Global impacts of aviation on air quality evaluated at high resolution S. Eastham et al.
- Ambitious nitrogen abatement is required to mitigate future global PM2.5 air pollution toward the World Health Organization targets Y. Guo et al.
- Novel insights on causes of disproportionate trends between particulate NO3− and NOx emissions in Canadian urban atmospheres Q. Fan et al.
- Phase-resolved multi-path drivers of PM2.5 evolution in eastern China under Clean Air Actions and carbon neutrality scenarios Y. Li et al.
- A case study of surface ozone source contributions in the Seoul metropolitan area using the adjoint of CMAQ A. Kashfi Yeganeh et al.
- PM2.5 Neutrality goals: the role of government strengthen and digitalization in BRICS Countries F. Liu et al.
- A new set of indicators for model evaluation complementing FAIRMODE's modelling quality objective (MQO) A. de Meij et al.
- Comparison of the Three Approaches for Determining Ammonia Emissions in the Intensive Breeding of Fattening Pigs with Respect to the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Case Study for the Czech Republic R. Kunes et al.
- A numerical study of reducing the concentration of O3 and PM2.5 simultaneously in Taiwan M. Chuang et al.
- Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management C. Driscoll et al.
- A Transformer-based agent model of GEOS-Chem v14.2.2 for informative prediction of PM2.5 and O3 levels to future emission scenarios: TGEOS v1.0 D. Li et al.
- Ensemble-Based Source Attribution of Fine Particulate Matter over South Korea during the ASIA-AQ/SIJAQ Campaign H. Kim et al.
- An approach to inform air quality management through receptor source apportionment and thermodynamic modelling of fine particulate matter in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada Y. Aklilu et al.
- PM2.5 wintertime sensitivity to changes in NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions in Lombardy Region L. Colombo et al.
- Spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric self-cleaning capacity and its impact on PM2.5 concentrations in China D. Yang et al.
- Modeling non-linear changes in an urban setting: From pro-environmental affordances to responses in behavior, emissions and air quality M. Hulkkonen et al.
- Long-Term COVID-19 Restrictions in Italy to Assess the Role of Seasonal Meteorological Conditions and Pollutant Emissions on Urban Air Quality G. Gualtieri et al.
- Sensitivity of air quality model responses to emission changes: comparison of results based on four EU inventories through FAIRMODE benchmarking methodology A. de Meij et al.
- Unchanged PM2.5 levels over Europe during COVID-19 were buffered by ammonia N. Evangeliou et al.
- Port Cleaner Trucks and Environmental Justice in the Greater New York Area Y. Park & H. Gao
- Modelling the Impact of the Introduction of the EURO 6d-TEMP/6d Regulation for Light-Duty Vehicles on EU Air Quality A. de Meij et al.
- Agrimonia: a dataset on livestock, meteorology and air quality in the Lombardy region, Italy A. Fassò et al.
- Rapid PM2.5-Induced Health Impact Assessment: A Novel Approach Using Conditional U-Net CMAQ Surrogate Model Y. Lee et al.
- Optimal reactive nitrogen control pathways identified for cost-effective PM2.5 mitigation in Europe Z. Liu et al.
- Recalibration of low-cost O3 and PM2.5 sensors: linking practices to recent air sensor test protocols P. Gäbel & E. Hertig
- Application of Machine Learning to Estimate Ammonia Atmospheric Emissions and Concentrations A. Marongiu et al.
- Underestimated benefits of NOx control in reducing SNA and O3 based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources S. Zhang et al.
- Dynamic emission inventory of ammonia in northern Italy by machine learning A. Marongiu et al.
- Impact of NOx and NH3 Emission Reduction on Particulate Matter across Po Valley: A LIFE-IP-PREPAIR Study G. Veratti et al.
- Retrieval of surface and atmospheric parameters from high resolution infrared sensors I. De Feis et al.
- Climate-Driven Changes in Air Quality: Trends Across Emission and Socioeconomic Pathways A. Monteiro et al.
- Assessment of the sensitivity of model responses to urban emission changes in support of emission reduction strategies B. Bessagnet et al.
- Measurement report: Source attribution and estimation of black carbon levels in an urban hotspot of the central Po Valley – an integrated approach combining high-resolution dispersion modelling and micro-aethalometers G. Veratti et al.
- Simulating nitrate formation mechanisms during PM2.5 events in Taiwan and their implications for the controlling direction M. Chuang et al.
- Spatiotemporal modelling of $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ concentrations in Lombardy (Italy): a comparative study P. Otto et al.
- Study on Spatio-Temporal Evolution Law and Driving Mechanism of PM2.5 Concentration in Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration W. Chen et al.
- Traffic and PM10 in Veneto region (northeastern Italy): The lesson of the 2020 lockdown D. Pernigotti & M. Miglietta
- Opinion: Understanding the impacts of agriculture and food systems on atmospheric chemistry is instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals A. Tai et al.
- Evaluation of accuracy on bottom-up NH3 emissions and sensitivity of PM2.5 to emission control in South Korea K. Han et al.
- Ozone pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown in the spring of 2020 over Europe, analysed from satellite observations, in situ measurements, and models J. Cuesta et al.
- Hysteresis response of wet nitrate deposition to emission reduction in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems Y. Xi et al.
- Sources of PM2.5 exposure and health benefits of clean air actions in Shanghai Y. Gu et al.
- Assessing capability of Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service to forecast PM2.5 and PM10 hourly concentrations in a European air quality hotspot G. Gualtieri et al.
- Development of an advanced air pollution and climate change analysis and assessment system for the city of Madrid (SIMAD) R. Borge et al.
58 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reducing biomass burning is key to decrease PM2.5 exposure in European cities S. Zauli-Sajani et al.
- The global and regional air quality impacts of dietary change M. Springmann et al.
- Co-benefits of transport demand reductions from compact urban development in Chinese cities X. Fu et al.
- Revisiting Total Particle Number Measurements for Vehicle Exhaust Regulations B. Giechaskiel et al.
- Association Between Exposure to Air Pollutant Mixture and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Modifying Effects of Healthy Lifestyle and Residential Greenspace R. Bai et al.
- A machine learning-based ensemble model for estimating diurnal variations of nitrogen oxide concentrations in Taiwan A. Asri et al.
- A Numerical Study of Reducing O3 and Pm2.5 Simultaneously in Taiwan M. Chuang et al.
- Assessing the impacts and feasibility of emissions reduction scenarios in the Po Valley L. Colombo et al.
- Global sensitivities of reactive N and S gas and particle concentrations and deposition to precursor emissions reductions Y. Ge et al.
- Source contribution analysis of PM2.5 using Response Surface Model and Particulate Source Apportionment Technology over the PRD region, China Z. Li et al.
- Spatiotemporal Estimation and Analysis of PM2.5 Concentrations in Wuhan Utilizing Multisource Remote Sensing Data and NOx as Inputs for Machine Learning Models J. Song et al.
- A multi-year source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the southern Po Valley (Italy) F. Scotto et al.
- Monitoring ammonia concentrations in more than 10 stations in the Po Valley for the period 2007–2022 in relation to the evolution of different sources C. Colombi et al.
- National climate action can ameliorate, perpetuate, or exacerbate international air pollution inequalities M. Nawaz & D. Henze
- Global impacts of aviation on air quality evaluated at high resolution S. Eastham et al.
- Ambitious nitrogen abatement is required to mitigate future global PM2.5 air pollution toward the World Health Organization targets Y. Guo et al.
- Novel insights on causes of disproportionate trends between particulate NO3− and NOx emissions in Canadian urban atmospheres Q. Fan et al.
- Phase-resolved multi-path drivers of PM2.5 evolution in eastern China under Clean Air Actions and carbon neutrality scenarios Y. Li et al.
- A case study of surface ozone source contributions in the Seoul metropolitan area using the adjoint of CMAQ A. Kashfi Yeganeh et al.
- PM2.5 Neutrality goals: the role of government strengthen and digitalization in BRICS Countries F. Liu et al.
- A new set of indicators for model evaluation complementing FAIRMODE's modelling quality objective (MQO) A. de Meij et al.
- Comparison of the Three Approaches for Determining Ammonia Emissions in the Intensive Breeding of Fattening Pigs with Respect to the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Case Study for the Czech Republic R. Kunes et al.
- A numerical study of reducing the concentration of O3 and PM2.5 simultaneously in Taiwan M. Chuang et al.
- Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management C. Driscoll et al.
- A Transformer-based agent model of GEOS-Chem v14.2.2 for informative prediction of PM2.5 and O3 levels to future emission scenarios: TGEOS v1.0 D. Li et al.
- Ensemble-Based Source Attribution of Fine Particulate Matter over South Korea during the ASIA-AQ/SIJAQ Campaign H. Kim et al.
- An approach to inform air quality management through receptor source apportionment and thermodynamic modelling of fine particulate matter in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada Y. Aklilu et al.
- PM2.5 wintertime sensitivity to changes in NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions in Lombardy Region L. Colombo et al.
- Spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric self-cleaning capacity and its impact on PM2.5 concentrations in China D. Yang et al.
- Modeling non-linear changes in an urban setting: From pro-environmental affordances to responses in behavior, emissions and air quality M. Hulkkonen et al.
- Long-Term COVID-19 Restrictions in Italy to Assess the Role of Seasonal Meteorological Conditions and Pollutant Emissions on Urban Air Quality G. Gualtieri et al.
- Sensitivity of air quality model responses to emission changes: comparison of results based on four EU inventories through FAIRMODE benchmarking methodology A. de Meij et al.
- Unchanged PM2.5 levels over Europe during COVID-19 were buffered by ammonia N. Evangeliou et al.
- Port Cleaner Trucks and Environmental Justice in the Greater New York Area Y. Park & H. Gao
- Modelling the Impact of the Introduction of the EURO 6d-TEMP/6d Regulation for Light-Duty Vehicles on EU Air Quality A. de Meij et al.
- Agrimonia: a dataset on livestock, meteorology and air quality in the Lombardy region, Italy A. Fassò et al.
- Rapid PM2.5-Induced Health Impact Assessment: A Novel Approach Using Conditional U-Net CMAQ Surrogate Model Y. Lee et al.
- Optimal reactive nitrogen control pathways identified for cost-effective PM2.5 mitigation in Europe Z. Liu et al.
- Recalibration of low-cost O3 and PM2.5 sensors: linking practices to recent air sensor test protocols P. Gäbel & E. Hertig
- Application of Machine Learning to Estimate Ammonia Atmospheric Emissions and Concentrations A. Marongiu et al.
- Underestimated benefits of NOx control in reducing SNA and O3 based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources S. Zhang et al.
- Dynamic emission inventory of ammonia in northern Italy by machine learning A. Marongiu et al.
- Impact of NOx and NH3 Emission Reduction on Particulate Matter across Po Valley: A LIFE-IP-PREPAIR Study G. Veratti et al.
- Retrieval of surface and atmospheric parameters from high resolution infrared sensors I. De Feis et al.
- Climate-Driven Changes in Air Quality: Trends Across Emission and Socioeconomic Pathways A. Monteiro et al.
- Assessment of the sensitivity of model responses to urban emission changes in support of emission reduction strategies B. Bessagnet et al.
- Measurement report: Source attribution and estimation of black carbon levels in an urban hotspot of the central Po Valley – an integrated approach combining high-resolution dispersion modelling and micro-aethalometers G. Veratti et al.
- Simulating nitrate formation mechanisms during PM2.5 events in Taiwan and their implications for the controlling direction M. Chuang et al.
- Spatiotemporal modelling of $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ concentrations in Lombardy (Italy): a comparative study P. Otto et al.
- Study on Spatio-Temporal Evolution Law and Driving Mechanism of PM2.5 Concentration in Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration W. Chen et al.
- Traffic and PM10 in Veneto region (northeastern Italy): The lesson of the 2020 lockdown D. Pernigotti & M. Miglietta
- Opinion: Understanding the impacts of agriculture and food systems on atmospheric chemistry is instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals A. Tai et al.
- Evaluation of accuracy on bottom-up NH3 emissions and sensitivity of PM2.5 to emission control in South Korea K. Han et al.
- Ozone pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown in the spring of 2020 over Europe, analysed from satellite observations, in situ measurements, and models J. Cuesta et al.
- Hysteresis response of wet nitrate deposition to emission reduction in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems Y. Xi et al.
- Sources of PM2.5 exposure and health benefits of clean air actions in Shanghai Y. Gu et al.
- Assessing capability of Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service to forecast PM2.5 and PM10 hourly concentrations in a European air quality hotspot G. Gualtieri et al.
- Development of an advanced air pollution and climate change analysis and assessment system for the city of Madrid (SIMAD) R. Borge et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 04 May 2026
Short summary
Modelling simulations are used to identify the most efficient emission reduction strategies to reduce PM2.5 concentration levels in northern Italy. Results show contrasting chemical regimes and important non-linearities during wintertime, with the striking result that PM2.5 levels may increase when NOx reductions are applied in NOx-rich areas – a process that may have contributed to the absence of significant PM2.5 decrease during the COVID-19 lockdowns in many European cities.
Modelling simulations are used to identify the most efficient emission reduction strategies to...
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