Articles | Volume 21, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5685-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5685-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 15 Apr 2021
| 15 Apr 2021
Impacts of secondary ice production on Arctic mixed-phase clouds based on ARM observations and CAM6 single-column model simulations
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
Xiaohong Liu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
Vaughan T. J. Phillips
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Sachin Patade
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Important Ice Processes Are Missed by the Community Earth System Model in Southern Ocean Mixed‐Phase Clouds: Bridging SOCRATES Observations to Model Developments X. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2022JD037513
- Two-year statistics of columnar-ice production in stratiform clouds over Hyytiälä, Finland: environmental conditions and the relevance to secondary ice production H. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-21-14671-2021
- Relative importance of high-latitude local and long-range-transported dust for Arctic ice-nucleating particles and impacts on Arctic mixed-phase clouds Y. Shi et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2909-2022
- Larger Cloud Liquid Water Enhances Both Aerosol Indirect Forcing and Cloud Radiative Feedback in Two Earth System Models X. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2023GL105529
- A bin microphysics parcel model investigation of secondary ice formation in an idealised shallow convective cloud R. James et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9099-2023
- Ice multiplication from ice–ice collisions in the high Arctic: sensitivity to ice habit, rimed fraction, ice type and uncertainties in the numerical description of the process G. Sotiropoulou et al. 10.5194/acp-21-9741-2021
- Investigating the vertical extent and short-wave radiative effects of the ice phase in Arctic summertime low-level clouds E. Järvinen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023
- Sensitivities of simulated mixed-phase Arctic multilayer clouds to primary and secondary ice processes G. Wallentin et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6607-2025
- Insights of warm-cloud biases in Community Atmospheric Model 5 and 6 from the single-column modeling framework and Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) observations Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-23-8591-2023
- Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022
- Fragmentation of ice particles: laboratory experiments on graupel–graupel and graupel–snowflake collisions P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13505-2023
- Dependencies of Four Mechanisms of Secondary Ice Production on Cloud-Top Temperature in a Continental Convective Storm D. Waman et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0278.1
- Effects of secondary ice processes on a stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak M. Karalis et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106302
- Ship‐Based Observations and Climate Model Simulations of Cloud Phase Over the Southern Ocean N. Desai et al. 10.1029/2023JD038581
- Open Water in Sea Ice Causes High Bias in Polar Low‐Level Clouds in GFDL CM4 X. Li et al. 10.1029/2023GL106322
- Another Piece of Evidence for Important but Uncertain Ice Multiplication Processes C. Hoose 10.1029/2022AV000669
- Effect of secondary ice production processes on the simulation of ice pellets using the Predicted Particle Properties microphysics scheme M. Lachapelle et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11285-2024
- Simulations of primary and secondary ice production during an Arctic mixed-phase cloud case from the Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) campaign B. Schäfer et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7179-2024
- Primary and secondary ice production: interactions and their relative importance X. Zhao & X. Liu 10.5194/acp-22-2585-2022
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774
- Evaluating EAMv2 Simulated High Latitude Clouds Using ARM Measurements in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres M. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2022JD038364
- Importance of secondary ice production in mixed-phase monsoon clouds over the Indian subcontinent S. Patade et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107890
- Global Importance of Secondary Ice Production X. Zhao & X. Liu 10.1029/2021GL092581
- Process Drivers, Inter-Model Spread, and the Path Forward: A Review of Amplified Arctic Warming P. Taylor et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.758361
- Heavy snowfall event over the Swiss Alps: did wind shear impact secondary ice production? Z. Dedekind et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2345-2023
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Important Ice Processes Are Missed by the Community Earth System Model in Southern Ocean Mixed‐Phase Clouds: Bridging SOCRATES Observations to Model Developments X. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2022JD037513
- Two-year statistics of columnar-ice production in stratiform clouds over Hyytiälä, Finland: environmental conditions and the relevance to secondary ice production H. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-21-14671-2021
- Relative importance of high-latitude local and long-range-transported dust for Arctic ice-nucleating particles and impacts on Arctic mixed-phase clouds Y. Shi et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2909-2022
- Larger Cloud Liquid Water Enhances Both Aerosol Indirect Forcing and Cloud Radiative Feedback in Two Earth System Models X. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2023GL105529
- A bin microphysics parcel model investigation of secondary ice formation in an idealised shallow convective cloud R. James et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9099-2023
- Ice multiplication from ice–ice collisions in the high Arctic: sensitivity to ice habit, rimed fraction, ice type and uncertainties in the numerical description of the process G. Sotiropoulou et al. 10.5194/acp-21-9741-2021
- Investigating the vertical extent and short-wave radiative effects of the ice phase in Arctic summertime low-level clouds E. Järvinen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023
- Sensitivities of simulated mixed-phase Arctic multilayer clouds to primary and secondary ice processes G. Wallentin et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6607-2025
- Insights of warm-cloud biases in Community Atmospheric Model 5 and 6 from the single-column modeling framework and Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) observations Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-23-8591-2023
- Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022
- Fragmentation of ice particles: laboratory experiments on graupel–graupel and graupel–snowflake collisions P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13505-2023
- Dependencies of Four Mechanisms of Secondary Ice Production on Cloud-Top Temperature in a Continental Convective Storm D. Waman et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0278.1
- Effects of secondary ice processes on a stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak M. Karalis et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106302
- Ship‐Based Observations and Climate Model Simulations of Cloud Phase Over the Southern Ocean N. Desai et al. 10.1029/2023JD038581
- Open Water in Sea Ice Causes High Bias in Polar Low‐Level Clouds in GFDL CM4 X. Li et al. 10.1029/2023GL106322
- Another Piece of Evidence for Important but Uncertain Ice Multiplication Processes C. Hoose 10.1029/2022AV000669
- Effect of secondary ice production processes on the simulation of ice pellets using the Predicted Particle Properties microphysics scheme M. Lachapelle et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11285-2024
- Simulations of primary and secondary ice production during an Arctic mixed-phase cloud case from the Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) campaign B. Schäfer et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7179-2024
- Primary and secondary ice production: interactions and their relative importance X. Zhao & X. Liu 10.5194/acp-22-2585-2022
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774
- Evaluating EAMv2 Simulated High Latitude Clouds Using ARM Measurements in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres M. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2022JD038364
- Importance of secondary ice production in mixed-phase monsoon clouds over the Indian subcontinent S. Patade et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107890
- Global Importance of Secondary Ice Production X. Zhao & X. Liu 10.1029/2021GL092581
- Process Drivers, Inter-Model Spread, and the Path Forward: A Review of Amplified Arctic Warming P. Taylor et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.758361
- Heavy snowfall event over the Swiss Alps: did wind shear impact secondary ice production? Z. Dedekind et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2345-2023
Latest update: 28 Aug 2025
Short summary
Arctic mixed-phase clouds significantly influence the energy budget of the Arctic. We show that a climate model considering secondary ice production (SIP) can explain the observed cloud ice number concentrations, vertical distribution pattern, and probability density distribution of ice crystal number concentrations. The mixed-phase cloud occurrence and phase partitioning are also improved.
Arctic mixed-phase clouds significantly influence the energy budget of the Arctic. We show that...
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