Articles | Volume 21, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2675-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2675-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 23 Feb 2021
| 23 Feb 2021
Changes in black carbon emissions over Europe due to COVID-19 lockdowns
Nikolaos Evangeliou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
Stephen M. Platt
Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
Sabine Eckhardt
Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
Cathrine Lund Myhre
Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
Paolo Laj
University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, IGE, 38000
Grenoble, France
CNR-ISAC, National Research Council of Italy – Institute of
Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
Atmospheric Science division, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Department of Applied Physics, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), Granada,
Spain
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
John Backman
Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
Helsinki, Finland
Benjamin T. Brem
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen
PSI, Switzerland
Markus Fiebig
Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
Harald Flentje
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium
Hohenpeissenberg, Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, 82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
Angela Marinoni
National Research
Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, 40121, Bologna, Italy
Marco Pandolfi
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research IDAEA-CSIC,
C/Jordi Girona 18–26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Jesus Yus-Dìez
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research IDAEA-CSIC,
C/Jordi Girona 18–26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Natalia Prats
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, State Meteorological Agency
(AEMET), C/La Marina 20, 38001, Tenerife, Spain
Jean P. Putaud
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via Enrico Fermi
2749, Ispra (VA) 21027, Italy
Karine Sellegri
Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR6016, CNRS/UBP,
63178 Aubière, France
Mar Sorribas
El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, 21130 Huelva, Spain
Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Environmental Radioactivity Lab, Institute of Nuclear &
Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
Stergios Vratolis
Environmental Radioactivity Lab, Institute of Nuclear &
Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR
“Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
Alfred Wiedensohler
Department Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Andreas Stohl
Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, UZA
II, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Viewed
Total article views: 6,360 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 05 Oct 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,880 | 1,411 | 69 | 6,360 | 380 | 79 | 88 |
- HTML: 4,880
- PDF: 1,411
- XML: 69
- Total: 6,360
- Supplement: 380
- BibTeX: 79
- EndNote: 88
Total article views: 5,374 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 23 Feb 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,396 | 916 | 62 | 5,374 | 207 | 68 | 70 |
- HTML: 4,396
- PDF: 916
- XML: 62
- Total: 5,374
- Supplement: 207
- BibTeX: 68
- EndNote: 70
Total article views: 986 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 05 Oct 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 484 | 495 | 7 | 986 | 173 | 11 | 18 |
- HTML: 484
- PDF: 495
- XML: 7
- Total: 986
- Supplement: 173
- BibTeX: 11
- EndNote: 18
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 6,360 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 6,318 with geography defined
and 42 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,374 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,432 with geography defined
and -58 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 986 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 886 with geography defined
and 100 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
40 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Absorption enhancement of black carbon particles in a Mediterranean city and countryside: effect of particulate matter chemistry, ageing and trend analysis J. Yus-Díez et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8439-2022
- Increased ozone pollution alongside reduced nitrogen dioxide concentrations during Vienna’s first COVID-19 lockdown: Significance for air quality management M. Brancher 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117153
- Efficiency of Emission Reduction Technologies for Residential Biomass Combustion Appliances: Electrostatic Precipitator and Catalyst E. Vicente et al. 10.3390/en15114066
- Tropospheric NO2 and O3 Response to COVID‐19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany V. Balamurugan et al. 10.1029/2021JD035440
- The effect of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on atmospheric black carbon levels in northeastern Greenland D. Thomas et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118853
- Changes in the concentration and composition of urban aerosols during the COVID-19 lockdown Á. Clemente et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111788
- Measurements of aerosol optical depth and equivalent black carbon aerosols over a semi-arid station in Southern India B. Akkiraju et al. 10.1007/s10668-022-02380-w
- Health-care preventive measures, logistics challenges and corporate social responsibility during the COVID-19 pandemic: break the ice . Sasmoko et al. 10.1108/FS-05-2021-0098
- Urban climate changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: integration of urban-building-energy model with social big data Y. Takane et al. 10.1038/s41612-022-00268-0
- Topic Modelling and Sentiment Analysis of Global Warming Tweets F. Qiao & J. Williams 10.4018/JOEUC.294901
- Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on land surface temperature, aerosol, and urban heat in Europe and North America B. Parida et al. 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103336
- Levels and drivers of urban black carbon and health risk assessment during pre- and COVID19 lockdown in Augsburg, Germany X. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120529
- Space–Time Evaluation of Atmospheric Black Carbon in Chinese Urban Environment: Influence of Land Use and Air Pollution Policies A. Shaheen et al. 10.1007/s41748-024-00380-6
- Characterization of equivalent Black Carbon (eBC) in different environments in the western Mediterranean V. Matos et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2024.102367
- Observation of black carbon in Northern China in winter of 2018–2020 and its implications for black carbon mitigation Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162897
- Opinion: New directions in atmospheric research offered by research infrastructures combined with open and data-intensive science A. Petzold et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5369-2024
- Air Quality and Traffic Trends in Cincinnati, Ohio during the COVID-19 Pandemic R. Tumbleson & S. Balachandran 10.3390/atmos13091459
- Declining carbon emission/concentration during COVID-19: A critical review on temporary relief A. Adhikari et al. 10.1016/j.cartre.2021.100131
- COVID-19-associated 2020 lockdown: a study on atmospheric black carbon fall impact on human health P. Gupta et al. 10.1007/s10653-022-01430-6
- Local Analysis of Air Quality Changes in the Community of Madrid before and during the COVID-19 Induced Lockdown M. Betancourt-Odio et al. 10.3390/atmos12060659
- Development and evolution of an anomalous Asian dust event across Europe in March 2020 L. Tositti et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4047-2022
- A Review on the Techniques Used and Status of Equivalent Black Carbon Measurement in Two Major Asian Countries A. Malik & S. Aggarwal 10.5572/ajae.2021.044
- Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period M. Conte et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119559
- Air Quality in the Italian Northwestern Alps during Year 2020: Assessment of the COVID-19 «Lockdown Effect» from Multi-Technique Observations and Models H. Diémoz et al. 10.3390/atmos12081006
- Implications of COVID-19 Restriction Measures in Urban Air Quality of Thessaloniki, Greece: A Machine Learning Approach D. Akritidis et al. 10.3390/atmos12111500
- Decrease of atmospheric black carbon and CO2 concentrations due to COVID-19 lockdown at the Mt. Waliguan WMO/GAW baseline station in China F. Xie et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112984
- Population-scale COVID-19 curfew effects on urban black carbon concentrations and sources in Kigali, Rwanda E. Kalisa & M. Adams 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101312
- Rapid decline of carbon monoxide emissions in the Fenwei Plain in China during the three-year Action Plan on defending the blue sky M. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117735
- Aerosol absorption using in situ filter-based photometers and ground-based sun photometry in the Po Valley urban atmosphere A. Bigi et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14841-2023
- Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe O. Krüger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022
- Evolution of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants in the Air: What Changed after Five Lockdown Weeks at a Southwest Atlantic European Region (Northwest of Spain) Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic? J. Moreda-Piñeiro et al. 10.3390/atmos12050562
- The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe M. Savadkoohi et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081
- Assessing the Responses of Aviation-Related SO2 and NO2 Emissions to COVID-19 Lockdown Regulations in South Africa L. Shikwambana & M. Kganyago 10.3390/rs13204156
- Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe S. Reifenberg et al. 10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022
- Scattering and absorbing aerosols in the climate system J. Li et al. 10.1038/s43017-022-00296-7
- Effects of the Carbon Intensity Index Rating System on the Development of the Northeast Passage Y. Tsai & C. Lin 10.3390/jmse11071341
- Black Carbon Emission Reduction Due to COVID‐19 Lockdown in China M. Jia et al. 10.1029/2021GL093243
- Assessment of the COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Spectral Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties in Athens, Greece D. Kaskaoutis et al. 10.3390/atmos12020231
- Understanding the environmental factors related to the decrease in Pediatric Emergency Department referrals for acute asthma during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic A. Dondi et al. 10.1002/ppul.25695
- Impact of Restrictive Measures during the Covid-19 Pandemic on Aerosol Pollution of the Atmosphere of the Moscow Megalopolis O. Popovicheva et al. 10.1134/S1019331621020131
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Absorption enhancement of black carbon particles in a Mediterranean city and countryside: effect of particulate matter chemistry, ageing and trend analysis J. Yus-Díez et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8439-2022
- Increased ozone pollution alongside reduced nitrogen dioxide concentrations during Vienna’s first COVID-19 lockdown: Significance for air quality management M. Brancher 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117153
- Efficiency of Emission Reduction Technologies for Residential Biomass Combustion Appliances: Electrostatic Precipitator and Catalyst E. Vicente et al. 10.3390/en15114066
- Tropospheric NO2 and O3 Response to COVID‐19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany V. Balamurugan et al. 10.1029/2021JD035440
- The effect of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on atmospheric black carbon levels in northeastern Greenland D. Thomas et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118853
- Changes in the concentration and composition of urban aerosols during the COVID-19 lockdown Á. Clemente et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111788
- Measurements of aerosol optical depth and equivalent black carbon aerosols over a semi-arid station in Southern India B. Akkiraju et al. 10.1007/s10668-022-02380-w
- Health-care preventive measures, logistics challenges and corporate social responsibility during the COVID-19 pandemic: break the ice . Sasmoko et al. 10.1108/FS-05-2021-0098
- Urban climate changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: integration of urban-building-energy model with social big data Y. Takane et al. 10.1038/s41612-022-00268-0
- Topic Modelling and Sentiment Analysis of Global Warming Tweets F. Qiao & J. Williams 10.4018/JOEUC.294901
- Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on land surface temperature, aerosol, and urban heat in Europe and North America B. Parida et al. 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103336
- Levels and drivers of urban black carbon and health risk assessment during pre- and COVID19 lockdown in Augsburg, Germany X. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120529
- Space–Time Evaluation of Atmospheric Black Carbon in Chinese Urban Environment: Influence of Land Use and Air Pollution Policies A. Shaheen et al. 10.1007/s41748-024-00380-6
- Characterization of equivalent Black Carbon (eBC) in different environments in the western Mediterranean V. Matos et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2024.102367
- Observation of black carbon in Northern China in winter of 2018–2020 and its implications for black carbon mitigation Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162897
- Opinion: New directions in atmospheric research offered by research infrastructures combined with open and data-intensive science A. Petzold et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5369-2024
- Air Quality and Traffic Trends in Cincinnati, Ohio during the COVID-19 Pandemic R. Tumbleson & S. Balachandran 10.3390/atmos13091459
- Declining carbon emission/concentration during COVID-19: A critical review on temporary relief A. Adhikari et al. 10.1016/j.cartre.2021.100131
- COVID-19-associated 2020 lockdown: a study on atmospheric black carbon fall impact on human health P. Gupta et al. 10.1007/s10653-022-01430-6
- Local Analysis of Air Quality Changes in the Community of Madrid before and during the COVID-19 Induced Lockdown M. Betancourt-Odio et al. 10.3390/atmos12060659
- Development and evolution of an anomalous Asian dust event across Europe in March 2020 L. Tositti et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4047-2022
- A Review on the Techniques Used and Status of Equivalent Black Carbon Measurement in Two Major Asian Countries A. Malik & S. Aggarwal 10.5572/ajae.2021.044
- Concentration and size distribution of atmospheric particles in southern Italy during COVID-19 lockdown period M. Conte et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119559
- Air Quality in the Italian Northwestern Alps during Year 2020: Assessment of the COVID-19 «Lockdown Effect» from Multi-Technique Observations and Models H. Diémoz et al. 10.3390/atmos12081006
- Implications of COVID-19 Restriction Measures in Urban Air Quality of Thessaloniki, Greece: A Machine Learning Approach D. Akritidis et al. 10.3390/atmos12111500
- Decrease of atmospheric black carbon and CO2 concentrations due to COVID-19 lockdown at the Mt. Waliguan WMO/GAW baseline station in China F. Xie et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112984
- Population-scale COVID-19 curfew effects on urban black carbon concentrations and sources in Kigali, Rwanda E. Kalisa & M. Adams 10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101312
- Rapid decline of carbon monoxide emissions in the Fenwei Plain in China during the three-year Action Plan on defending the blue sky M. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117735
- Aerosol absorption using in situ filter-based photometers and ground-based sun photometry in the Po Valley urban atmosphere A. Bigi et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14841-2023
- Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe O. Krüger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8683-2022
- Evolution of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants in the Air: What Changed after Five Lockdown Weeks at a Southwest Atlantic European Region (Northwest of Spain) Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic? J. Moreda-Piñeiro et al. 10.3390/atmos12050562
- The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe M. Savadkoohi et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081
- Assessing the Responses of Aviation-Related SO2 and NO2 Emissions to COVID-19 Lockdown Regulations in South Africa L. Shikwambana & M. Kganyago 10.3390/rs13204156
- Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe S. Reifenberg et al. 10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022
- Scattering and absorbing aerosols in the climate system J. Li et al. 10.1038/s43017-022-00296-7
- Effects of the Carbon Intensity Index Rating System on the Development of the Northeast Passage Y. Tsai & C. Lin 10.3390/jmse11071341
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Black Carbon Emission Reduction Due to COVID‐19 Lockdown in China M. Jia et al. 10.1029/2021GL093243
- Assessment of the COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Spectral Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties in Athens, Greece D. Kaskaoutis et al. 10.3390/atmos12020231
- Understanding the environmental factors related to the decrease in Pediatric Emergency Department referrals for acute asthma during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic A. Dondi et al. 10.1002/ppul.25695
- Impact of Restrictive Measures during the Covid-19 Pandemic on Aerosol Pollution of the Atmosphere of the Moscow Megalopolis O. Popovicheva et al. 10.1134/S1019331621020131
Latest update: 25 Dec 2024
Short summary
Following the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to Europe, social distancing rules were introduced to prevent further spread. We investigate the impacts of the European lockdowns on black carbon (BC) emissions by means of in situ observations and inverse modelling. BC emissions declined by 23 kt in Europe during the lockdowns as compared with previous years and by 11 % as compared to the period prior to lockdowns. Residential combustion prevailed in Eastern Europe, as confirmed by remote sensing data.
Following the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to Europe, social distancing rules were introduced to...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint