Data assimilation using an ensemble of models:  a hierarchical approach

Rayner, Peter

doi:10.5194/acp-20-3725-2020

Articles | Volume 20, issue 6

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3725-2020

© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Data assimilation in carbon/biogeochemical cycles: consistent...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3725-2020

© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 20, issue 6

Research article

|

27 Mar 2020

Research article |

| 27 Mar 2020

Data assimilation using an ensemble of models: a hierarchical approach

Peter Rayner

Viewed

Total article views: 4,218 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,881	1,159	178	4,218	187	213

HTML: 2,881
PDF: 1,159
XML: 178
Total: 4,218
BibTeX: 187
EndNote: 213

Views and downloads (calculated since 03 Feb 2017)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2017	83	29	7	119
Mar 2017	39	8	14	61
Apr 2017	56	8	12	76
May 2017	42	3	9	54
Jun 2017	39	6	6	51
Jul 2017	19	6	0	25
Aug 2017	6	3	0	9
Sep 2017	12	8	0	20
Oct 2017	12	9	1	22
Nov 2017	8	3	0	11
Dec 2017	13	3	1	17
Jan 2018	11	4	1	16
Feb 2018	13	3	2	18
Mar 2018	13	4	0	17
Apr 2018	14	3	0	17
May 2018	14	6	0	20
Jun 2018	6	5	1	12
Jul 2018	12	3	0	15
Aug 2018	18	6	2	26
Sep 2018	5	2	0	7
Oct 2018	10	4	0	14
Nov 2018	15	4	0	19
Dec 2018	7	6	0	13
Jan 2019	6	3	0	9
Feb 2019	13	5	0	18
Mar 2019	1	7	0	8
Apr 2019	12	3	0	15
May 2019	6	6	0	12
Jun 2019	7	4	0	11
Jul 2019	6	2	1	9
Aug 2019	6	1	0	7
Sep 2019	1	2	0	3
Oct 2019	13	4	1	18
Nov 2019	7	6	2	15
Dec 2019	4	2	0	6
Jan 2020	13	2	0	15
Feb 2020	1	2	0	3
Mar 2020	167	44	4	215
Apr 2020	116	36	0	152
May 2020	39	12	4	55
Jun 2020	21	16	0	37
Jul 2020	33	36	5	74
Aug 2020	29	31	3	63
Sep 2020	24	9	1	34
Oct 2020	13	7	1	21
Nov 2020	12	9	0	21
Dec 2020	30	18	0	48
Jan 2021	42	17	0	59
Feb 2021	40	8	1	49
Mar 2021	31	9	0	40
Apr 2021	15	10	0	25
May 2021	17	13	1	31
Jun 2021	9	11	0	20
Jul 2021	10	6	0	16
Aug 2021	11	7	0	18
Sep 2021	11	9	0	20
Oct 2021	15	39	0	54
Nov 2021	18	32	0	50
Dec 2021	11	9	0	20
Jan 2022	12	6	0	18
Feb 2022	13	6	1	20
Mar 2022	10	8	0	18
Apr 2022	9	3	1	13
May 2022	6	3	0	9
Jun 2022	9	2	0	11
Jul 2022	4	3	0	7
Aug 2022	30	4	0	34
Sep 2022	20	2	0	22
Oct 2022	8	3	1	12
Nov 2022	15	11	0	26
Dec 2022	16	6	0	22
Jan 2023	8	13	0	21
Feb 2023	18	4	0	22
Mar 2023	14	16	0	30
Apr 2023	10	11	0	21
May 2023	13	13	0	26
Jun 2023	11	6	1	18
Jul 2023	11	5	1	17
Aug 2023	11	7	1	19
Sep 2023	19	3	1	23
Oct 2023	46	6	1	53
Nov 2023	20	3	0	23
Dec 2023	25	7	3	35
Jan 2024	33	24	0	57
Feb 2024	15	18	0	33
Mar 2024	18	12	3	33
Apr 2024	9	10	6	25
May 2024	25	6	5	36
Jun 2024	65	11	4	80
Jul 2024	149	6	2	157
Aug 2024	35	6	5	46
Sep 2024	11	6	0	17
Oct 2024	22	11	1	34
Nov 2024	17	3	1	21
Dec 2024	8	9	1	18
Jan 2025	21	20	3	44
Feb 2025	26	13	1	40
Mar 2025	26	14	0	40
Apr 2025	13	12	0	25
May 2025	46	11	4	61
Jun 2025	44	14	11	69
Jul 2025	25	11	2	38
Aug 2025	41	20	0	61
Sep 2025	74	19	3	96
Oct 2025	35	22	1	58
Nov 2025	75	18	6	99
Dec 2025	57	24	1	82
Jan 2026	137	24	9	170
Feb 2026	85	16	1	102
Mar 2026	33	13	6	52
Apr 2026	57	41	8	106
May 2026	36	20	3	59
Jun 2026	8	1	0	9

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 03 Feb 2017)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2017	83	29	7	119
Mar 2017	39	8	14	61
Apr 2017	56	8	12	76
May 2017	42	3	9	54
Jun 2017	39	6	6	51
Jul 2017	19	6	0	25
Aug 2017	6	3	0	9
Sep 2017	12	8	0	20
Oct 2017	12	9	1	22
Nov 2017	8	3	0	11
Dec 2017	13	3	1	17
Jan 2018	11	4	1	16
Feb 2018	13	3	2	18
Mar 2018	13	4	0	17
Apr 2018	14	3	0	17
May 2018	14	6	0	20
Jun 2018	6	5	1	12
Jul 2018	12	3	0	15
Aug 2018	18	6	2	26
Sep 2018	5	2	0	7
Oct 2018	10	4	0	14
Nov 2018	15	4	0	19
Dec 2018	7	6	0	13
Jan 2019	6	3	0	9
Feb 2019	13	5	0	18
Mar 2019	1	7	0	8
Apr 2019	12	3	0	15
May 2019	6	6	0	12
Jun 2019	7	4	0	11
Jul 2019	6	2	1	9
Aug 2019	6	1	0	7
Sep 2019	1	2	0	3
Oct 2019	13	4	1	18
Nov 2019	7	6	2	15
Dec 2019	4	2	0	6
Jan 2020	13	2	0	15
Feb 2020	1	2	0	3
Mar 2020	167	44	4	215
Apr 2020	116	36	0	152
May 2020	39	12	4	55
Jun 2020	21	16	0	37
Jul 2020	33	36	5	74
Aug 2020	29	31	3	63
Sep 2020	24	9	1	34
Oct 2020	13	7	1	21
Nov 2020	12	9	0	21
Dec 2020	30	18	0	48
Jan 2021	42	17	0	59
Feb 2021	40	8	1	49
Mar 2021	31	9	0	40
Apr 2021	15	10	0	25
May 2021	17	13	1	31
Jun 2021	9	11	0	20
Jul 2021	10	6	0	16
Aug 2021	11	7	0	18
Sep 2021	11	9	0	20
Oct 2021	15	39	0	54
Nov 2021	18	32	0	50
Dec 2021	11	9	0	20
Jan 2022	12	6	0	18
Feb 2022	13	6	1	20
Mar 2022	10	8	0	18
Apr 2022	9	3	1	13
May 2022	6	3	0	9
Jun 2022	9	2	0	11
Jul 2022	4	3	0	7
Aug 2022	30	4	0	34
Sep 2022	20	2	0	22
Oct 2022	8	3	1	12
Nov 2022	15	11	0	26
Dec 2022	16	6	0	22
Jan 2023	8	13	0	21
Feb 2023	18	4	0	22
Mar 2023	14	16	0	30
Apr 2023	10	11	0	21
May 2023	13	13	0	26
Jun 2023	11	6	1	18
Jul 2023	11	5	1	17
Aug 2023	11	7	1	19
Sep 2023	19	3	1	23
Oct 2023	46	6	1	53
Nov 2023	20	3	0	23
Dec 2023	25	7	3	35
Jan 2024	33	24	0	57
Feb 2024	15	18	0	33
Mar 2024	18	12	3	33
Apr 2024	9	10	6	25
May 2024	25	6	5	36
Jun 2024	65	11	4	80
Jul 2024	149	6	2	157
Aug 2024	35	6	5	46
Sep 2024	11	6	0	17
Oct 2024	22	11	1	34
Nov 2024	17	3	1	21
Dec 2024	8	9	1	18
Jan 2025	21	20	3	44
Feb 2025	26	13	1	40
Mar 2025	26	14	0	40
Apr 2025	13	12	0	25
May 2025	46	11	4	61
Jun 2025	44	14	11	69
Jul 2025	25	11	2	38
Aug 2025	41	20	0	61
Sep 2025	74	19	3	96
Oct 2025	35	22	1	58
Nov 2025	75	18	6	99
Dec 2025	57	24	1	82
Jan 2026	137	24	9	170
Feb 2026	85	16	1	102
Mar 2026	33	13	6	52
Apr 2026	57	41	8	106
May 2026	36	20	3	59
Jun 2026	8	1	0	9

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 4,218 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 4,086 with geography defined and 132 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%

1

1

Cited

Saved (final revised paper)

Latest update: 09 Jun 2026

Short summary

This work extends previous calculations of carbon dioxide sources and sinks to take account of the varying quality of atmospheric models. It uses an extended version of Bayesian statistics which includes the model as one of the unknowns. I performed the work as an example of including the model in the description of the uncertainty.