Articles | Volume 20, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3645-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3645-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Mar 2020
Research article |
| 26 Mar 2020
| 26 Mar 2020
Characterising mass-resolved mixing state of black carbon in Beijing using a morphology-independent measurement method
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Zhejiang, 310027, China
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Kurtis Broda
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta,
T6G 2R3, Canada
Rutambhara Joshi
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
Jason Olfert
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta,
T6G 2R3, Canada
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100029, China
Pingqing Fu
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100029, China
now at: Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University,
Tianjin, 300072, China
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
James D. Allan
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Refractive Index of Engine‐Emitted Black Carbon and the Influence of Organic Coatings on Optical Properties D. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039178
- Heterogeneous characteristics and absorption enhancement of refractory black carbon in an urban city of China S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162997
- Evolution of refractory black carbon mixing state in an urban environment S. Kasparoglu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120651
- Integrating Simulations and Observations: A Foundation Model for Estimating the Aerosol Mixing State Index F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00329
- Vertical profile of particle hygroscopicity and CCN effectiveness during winter in Beijing: insight into the hygroscopicity transition threshold of black carbon D. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FD00077A
- Evolution of Organic Aerosol From Wood Smoke Influenced by Burning Phase and Solar Radiation S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034534
- Comparative study of black carbon mixing state characterization: Evaluating Only-SP2 and CPMA-SP2 techniques for enhanced accuracy Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.010
- Black Carbon Involved Photochemistry Enhances the Formation of Sulfate in the Ambient Atmosphere: Evidence From In Situ Individual Particle Investigation G. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035226
- Estimating Submicron Aerosol Mixing State at the Global Scale With Machine Learning and Earth System Modeling Z. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001500
- Method to quantify black carbon aerosol light absorption enhancement with a mixing state index G. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18055-2021
- Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method R. Joshi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021
- Direct inversion for bidimensional distributions of aerosol characteristics T. Sipkens & J. Corbin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106636
- An improved inversion method for determining two-dimensional mass distributions of non-refractory materials on refractory black carbon A. Naseri et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1825615
- Marine air promotes structural compaction and coating growth of soot aerosols after long-range transport from East Asia L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.047
- Different effects of anthropogenic emissions and aging processes on the mixing state of soot particles in the nucleation and accumulation modes Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14133-2022
- Mixing state of refractory black carbon in fog and haze at rural sites in winter on the North China Plain Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021
- Measurements of the Diversity of Shape and Mixing State for Ambient Black Carbon Particles K. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094522
- Metrological traceability of black carbon measurement based on optical methods and its challenges in China: A review Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106854
- Evolution of Aerosol Optical Properties from Wood Smoke in Real Atmosphere Influenced by Burning Phase and Solar Radiation D. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07569
- Using two-dimensional distributions to inform the mixing state of soot and salt particles produced in gas flares T. Sipkens et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105826
- Optimized instrument configurations for tandem particle mass analyzer and single particle-soot photometer experiments A. Naseri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105897
- Significant influence of nitrate on light absorption enhancement of refractory black carbon in the winter of 2022 in Beijing X. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120311
- Advances in characterization of black carbon particles and their associated coatings using the soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Singapore, a complex city environment M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8185-2025
- Quantifying the structural uncertainty of the aerosol mixing state representation in a modal model Z. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17727-2021
- Quantifying the effects of mixing state on aerosol optical properties Y. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022
- The density of ambient black carbon retrieved by a new method: implications for cloud condensation nuclei prediction J. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4327-2023
- Overestimation of black carbon light absorption due to mixing state heterogeneity L. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00535-8
- Influence of Black Carbon on Measurement Errors in Scattering-Based Visibility Meters Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040467
- Aerosol physical characterization: A review on the current state of aerosol documentary standards and calibration strategies K. Vasilatou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2024.106483
- Aerodynamic size-resolved composition and cloud condensation nuclei properties of aerosols in a Beijing suburban region C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4375-2022
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Refractive Index of Engine‐Emitted Black Carbon and the Influence of Organic Coatings on Optical Properties D. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039178
- Heterogeneous characteristics and absorption enhancement of refractory black carbon in an urban city of China S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162997
- Evolution of refractory black carbon mixing state in an urban environment S. Kasparoglu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120651
- Integrating Simulations and Observations: A Foundation Model for Estimating the Aerosol Mixing State Index F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00329
- Vertical profile of particle hygroscopicity and CCN effectiveness during winter in Beijing: insight into the hygroscopicity transition threshold of black carbon D. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FD00077A
- Evolution of Organic Aerosol From Wood Smoke Influenced by Burning Phase and Solar Radiation S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034534
- Comparative study of black carbon mixing state characterization: Evaluating Only-SP2 and CPMA-SP2 techniques for enhanced accuracy Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.010
- Black Carbon Involved Photochemistry Enhances the Formation of Sulfate in the Ambient Atmosphere: Evidence From In Situ Individual Particle Investigation G. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035226
- Estimating Submicron Aerosol Mixing State at the Global Scale With Machine Learning and Earth System Modeling Z. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001500
- Method to quantify black carbon aerosol light absorption enhancement with a mixing state index G. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18055-2021
- Direct measurements of black carbon fluxes in central Beijing using the eddy covariance method R. Joshi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-147-2021
- Direct inversion for bidimensional distributions of aerosol characteristics T. Sipkens & J. Corbin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106636
- An improved inversion method for determining two-dimensional mass distributions of non-refractory materials on refractory black carbon A. Naseri et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1825615
- Marine air promotes structural compaction and coating growth of soot aerosols after long-range transport from East Asia L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.047
- Different effects of anthropogenic emissions and aging processes on the mixing state of soot particles in the nucleation and accumulation modes Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14133-2022
- Mixing state of refractory black carbon in fog and haze at rural sites in winter on the North China Plain Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17631-2021
- Measurements of the Diversity of Shape and Mixing State for Ambient Black Carbon Particles K. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094522
- Metrological traceability of black carbon measurement based on optical methods and its challenges in China: A review Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106854
- Evolution of Aerosol Optical Properties from Wood Smoke in Real Atmosphere Influenced by Burning Phase and Solar Radiation D. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07569
- Using two-dimensional distributions to inform the mixing state of soot and salt particles produced in gas flares T. Sipkens et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105826
- Optimized instrument configurations for tandem particle mass analyzer and single particle-soot photometer experiments A. Naseri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105897
- Significant influence of nitrate on light absorption enhancement of refractory black carbon in the winter of 2022 in Beijing X. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120311
- Advances in characterization of black carbon particles and their associated coatings using the soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Singapore, a complex city environment M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8185-2025
- Quantifying the structural uncertainty of the aerosol mixing state representation in a modal model Z. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17727-2021
- Quantifying the effects of mixing state on aerosol optical properties Y. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9265-2022
- The density of ambient black carbon retrieved by a new method: implications for cloud condensation nuclei prediction J. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4327-2023
- Overestimation of black carbon light absorption due to mixing state heterogeneity L. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00535-8
- Influence of Black Carbon on Measurement Errors in Scattering-Based Visibility Meters Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040467
- Aerosol physical characterization: A review on the current state of aerosol documentary standards and calibration strategies K. Vasilatou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2024.106483
- Aerodynamic size-resolved composition and cloud condensation nuclei properties of aerosols in a Beijing suburban region C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4375-2022
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Jun 2026
Short summary
This study presents the first atmospheric application of a new morphology-independent measurement for the quantification of the mixing state of rBC-containing particles in urban Beijing as part of the UK–China APHH campaign. An inversion method has been applied for better quantification of rBC mixing state. The mass-resolved rBC mixing state information presented here has implications for detailed models of BC, its optical properties and its atmospheric life cycle.
This study presents the first atmospheric application of a new morphology-independent...
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