Evaluating China's anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions inventories: a northern China case study using continuous surface observations from 2005 to 2009

Dayalu, Archana; Munger, J. William; Wang, Yuxuan; Wofsy, Steven C.; Zhao, Yu; Nehrkorn, Thomas; Nielsen, Chris; McElroy, Michael B.; Chang, Rachel

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3569-2020

Articles | Volume 20, issue 6

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Articles | Volume 20, issue 6

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3569-2020

Articles | Volume 20, issue 6

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Research article

25 Mar 2020

Research article |

| 25 Mar 2020

Evaluating China's anthropogenic CO₂ emissions inventories: a northern China case study using continuous surface observations from 2005 to 2009

Archana Dayalu, J. William Munger, Yuxuan Wang, Steven C. Wofsy, Yu Zhao, Thomas Nehrkorn, Chris Nielsen, Michael B. McElroy, and Rachel Chang

Archana Dayalu

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

adayalu@aer.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-9646

Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA, USA

formerly at: Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

J. William Munger

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-8452

Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Yuxuan Wang

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-6974

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

Department of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Steven C. Wofsy

Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Yu Zhao

School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

Thomas Nehrkorn

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-3468

Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA, USA

Chris Nielsen

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8043-2409

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Michael B. McElroy

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Rachel Chang

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-098X

Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

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PDF: 719
XML: 63
Total: 3,662
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BibTeX: 83
EndNote: 83

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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 Sep 2019)

Total article views: 2,759 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	Supplement	BibTeX	EndNote
2,220	483	56	2,759	412	73	68

HTML: 2,220
PDF: 483
XML: 56
Total: 2,759
Supplement: 412
BibTeX: 73
EndNote: 68

Views and downloads (calculated since 25 Mar 2020)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2020	161	54	0	215
Apr 2020	99	25	4	128
May 2020	36	6	1	43
Jun 2020	23	11	0	34
Jul 2020	57	9	5	71
Aug 2020	63	10	2	75
Sep 2020	78	7	0	85
Oct 2020	47	4	0	51
Nov 2020	39	3	0	42
Dec 2020	41	8	2	51
Jan 2021	32	6	1	39
Feb 2021	26	4	0	30
Mar 2021	30	1	0	31
Apr 2021	34	8	0	42
May 2021	39	2	1	42
Jun 2021	32	7	1	40
Jul 2021	42	6	0	48
Aug 2021	39	3	0	42
Sep 2021	35	8	0	43
Oct 2021	34	41	0	75
Nov 2021	27	24	2	53
Dec 2021	33	7	0	40
Jan 2022	33	5	0	38
Feb 2022	22	2	2	26
Mar 2022	37	10	0	47
Apr 2022	29	4	1	34
May 2022	21	5	0	26
Jun 2022	27	4	0	31
Jul 2022	41	5	0	46
Aug 2022	47	3	0	50
Sep 2022	24	1	0	25
Oct 2022	21	2	1	24
Nov 2022	58	9	0	67
Dec 2022	33	5	2	40
Jan 2023	12	4	0	16
Feb 2023	21	5	0	26
Mar 2023	19	8	0	27
Apr 2023	17	9	0	26
May 2023	10	6	0	16
Jun 2023	15	4	1	20
Jul 2023	28	7	1	36
Aug 2023	17	9	2	28
Sep 2023	28	3	2	33
Oct 2023	27	4	1	32
Nov 2023	19	1	20
Dec 2023	39	8	4	51
Jan 2024	26	4	1	31
Feb 2024	20	6	0	26
Mar 2024	28	20	0	48
Apr 2024	32	7	2	41
May 2024	33	3	2	38
Jun 2024	46	9	1	56
Jul 2024	43	4	0	47
Aug 2024	33	8	2	43
Sep 2024	27	4	0	31
Oct 2024	46	5	0	51
Nov 2024	46	3	2	51
Dec 2024	27	3	3	33
Jan 2025	36	7	4	47
Feb 2025	50	17	0	67
Mar 2025	35	7	2	44

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 25 Mar 2020)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2020	161	54	0	215
Apr 2020	99	25	4	128
May 2020	36	6	1	43
Jun 2020	23	11	0	34
Jul 2020	57	9	5	71
Aug 2020	63	10	2	75
Sep 2020	78	7	0	85
Oct 2020	47	4	0	51
Nov 2020	39	3	0	42
Dec 2020	41	8	2	51
Jan 2021	32	6	1	39
Feb 2021	26	4	0	30
Mar 2021	30	1	0	31
Apr 2021	34	8	0	42
May 2021	39	2	1	42
Jun 2021	32	7	1	40
Jul 2021	42	6	0	48
Aug 2021	39	3	0	42
Sep 2021	35	8	0	43
Oct 2021	34	41	0	75
Nov 2021	27	24	2	53
Dec 2021	33	7	0	40
Jan 2022	33	5	0	38
Feb 2022	22	2	2	26
Mar 2022	37	10	0	47
Apr 2022	29	4	1	34
May 2022	21	5	0	26
Jun 2022	27	4	0	31
Jul 2022	41	5	0	46
Aug 2022	47	3	0	50
Sep 2022	24	1	0	25
Oct 2022	21	2	1	24
Nov 2022	58	9	0	67
Dec 2022	33	5	2	40
Jan 2023	12	4	0	16
Feb 2023	21	5	0	26
Mar 2023	19	8	0	27
Apr 2023	17	9	0	26
May 2023	10	6	0	16
Jun 2023	15	4	1	20
Jul 2023	28	7	1	36
Aug 2023	17	9	2	28
Sep 2023	28	3	2	33
Oct 2023	27	4	1	32
Nov 2023	19	1	20
Dec 2023	39	8	4	51
Jan 2024	26	4	1	31
Feb 2024	20	6	0	26
Mar 2024	28	20	0	48
Apr 2024	32	7	2	41
May 2024	33	3	2	38
Jun 2024	46	9	1	56
Jul 2024	43	4	0	47
Aug 2024	33	8	2	43
Sep 2024	27	4	0	31
Oct 2024	46	5	0	51
Nov 2024	46	3	2	51
Dec 2024	27	3	3	33
Jan 2025	36	7	4	47
Feb 2025	50	17	0	67
Mar 2025	35	7	2	44

Total article views: 903 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	Supplement	BibTeX	EndNote
660	236	7	903	134	10	15

HTML: 660
PDF: 236
XML: 7
Total: 903
Supplement: 134
BibTeX: 10
EndNote: 15

Views and downloads (calculated since 12 Sep 2019)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2020	161	54	0	215
Apr 2020	99	25	4	128
May 2020	36	6	1	43
Jun 2020	23	11	0	34
Jul 2020	57	9	5	71
Aug 2020	63	10	2	75
Sep 2020	78	7	0	85
Oct 2020	47	4	0	51
Nov 2020	39	3	0	42
Dec 2020	41	8	2	51
Jan 2021	32	6	1	39
Feb 2021	26	4	0	30
Mar 2021	30	1	0	31
Apr 2021	34	8	0	42
May 2021	39	2	1	42
Jun 2021	32	7	1	40
Jul 2021	42	6	0	48
Aug 2021	39	3	0	42
Sep 2021	35	8	0	43
Oct 2021	34	41	0	75
Nov 2021	27	24	2	53
Dec 2021	33	7	0	40
Jan 2022	33	5	0	38
Feb 2022	22	2	2	26
Mar 2022	37	10	0	47
Apr 2022	29	4	1	34
May 2022	21	5	0	26
Jun 2022	27	4	0	31
Jul 2022	41	5	0	46
Aug 2022	47	3	0	50
Sep 2022	24	1	0	25
Oct 2022	21	2	1	24
Nov 2022	58	9	0	67
Dec 2022	33	5	2	40
Jan 2023	12	4	0	16
Feb 2023	21	5	0	26
Mar 2023	19	8	0	27
Apr 2023	17	9	0	26
May 2023	10	6	0	16
Jun 2023	15	4	1	20
Jul 2023	28	7	1	36
Aug 2023	17	9	2	28
Sep 2023	28	3	2	33
Oct 2023	27	4	1	32
Nov 2023	19	1	20
Dec 2023	39	8	4	51
Jan 2024	26	4	1	31
Feb 2024	20	6	0	26
Mar 2024	28	20	0	48
Apr 2024	32	7	2	41
May 2024	33	3	2	38
Jun 2024	46	9	1	56
Jul 2024	43	4	0	47
Aug 2024	33	8	2	43
Sep 2024	27	4	0	31
Oct 2024	46	5	0	51
Nov 2024	46	3	2	51
Dec 2024	27	3	3	33
Jan 2025	36	7	4	47
Feb 2025	50	17	0	67
Mar 2025	35	7	2	44

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 Sep 2019)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2020	161	54	0	215
Apr 2020	99	25	4	128
May 2020	36	6	1	43
Jun 2020	23	11	0	34
Jul 2020	57	9	5	71
Aug 2020	63	10	2	75
Sep 2020	78	7	0	85
Oct 2020	47	4	0	51
Nov 2020	39	3	0	42
Dec 2020	41	8	2	51
Jan 2021	32	6	1	39
Feb 2021	26	4	0	30
Mar 2021	30	1	0	31
Apr 2021	34	8	0	42
May 2021	39	2	1	42
Jun 2021	32	7	1	40
Jul 2021	42	6	0	48
Aug 2021	39	3	0	42
Sep 2021	35	8	0	43
Oct 2021	34	41	0	75
Nov 2021	27	24	2	53
Dec 2021	33	7	0	40
Jan 2022	33	5	0	38
Feb 2022	22	2	2	26
Mar 2022	37	10	0	47
Apr 2022	29	4	1	34
May 2022	21	5	0	26
Jun 2022	27	4	0	31
Jul 2022	41	5	0	46
Aug 2022	47	3	0	50
Sep 2022	24	1	0	25
Oct 2022	21	2	1	24
Nov 2022	58	9	0	67
Dec 2022	33	5	2	40
Jan 2023	12	4	0	16
Feb 2023	21	5	0	26
Mar 2023	19	8	0	27
Apr 2023	17	9	0	26
May 2023	10	6	0	16
Jun 2023	15	4	1	20
Jul 2023	28	7	1	36
Aug 2023	17	9	2	28
Sep 2023	28	3	2	33
Oct 2023	27	4	1	32
Nov 2023	19	1	20
Dec 2023	39	8	4	51
Jan 2024	26	4	1	31
Feb 2024	20	6	0	26
Mar 2024	28	20	0	48
Apr 2024	32	7	2	41
May 2024	33	3	2	38
Jun 2024	46	9	1	56
Jul 2024	43	4	0	47
Aug 2024	33	8	2	43
Sep 2024	27	4	0	31
Oct 2024	46	5	0	51
Nov 2024	46	3	2	51
Dec 2024	27	3	3	33
Jan 2025	36	7	4	47
Feb 2025	50	17	0	67
Mar 2025	35	7	2	44

Viewed (geographical distribution)

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Total article views: 3,662 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 3,432 with geography defined and 230 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 2,759 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,672 with geography defined and 87 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 903 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 760 with geography defined and 143 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	1424	38
China	2	614	16
France	3	336	9
Germany	4	313	8
United Kingdom	5	81	2

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	1126	40
China	2	545	19
Germany	3	279	10
France	4	188	6
India	5	52	1

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	298	33
France	2	148	16
China	3	69	7
United Kingdom	4	58	6
Germany	5	34	3


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Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

7 citations as recorded by crossref.

Achieving low-carbon production: Impacts of land misallocation and industrial structure in urban China Y. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124791
Effect of meteorological data assimilation using 3DVAR on high-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia M. Seo & H. Kim 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101759
Site selection and effects of background towers on urban CO2 estimates: A case study from central downtown Zhengzhou in China G. Ren et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120169
Changes of Atmospheric CO2 in the Tibetan Plateau From 1994 to 2019 S. Liu et al. 10.1029/2021JD035299
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide origin tracing study in Anmyeon-do, South Korea: Based on STILT-footprint and emissions data J. Kim et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164677
Characterization of Regional Combustion Efficiency using ΔXCO: ΔXCO2 Observed by a Portable Fourier-Transform Spectrometer at an Urban Site in Beijing K. Che et al. 10.1007/s00376-022-1247-7
Lagrangian inversion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from Beijing using differential column measurements K. Che et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac7477

7 citations as recorded by crossref.

Achieving low-carbon production: Impacts of land misallocation and industrial structure in urban China Y. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124791
Effect of meteorological data assimilation using 3DVAR on high-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia M. Seo & H. Kim 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101759
Site selection and effects of background towers on urban CO2 estimates: A case study from central downtown Zhengzhou in China G. Ren et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120169
Changes of Atmospheric CO2 in the Tibetan Plateau From 1994 to 2019 S. Liu et al. 10.1029/2021JD035299
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide origin tracing study in Anmyeon-do, South Korea: Based on STILT-footprint and emissions data J. Kim et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164677
Characterization of Regional Combustion Efficiency using ΔXCO: ΔXCO2 Observed by a Portable Fourier-Transform Spectrometer at an Urban Site in Beijing K. Che et al. 10.1007/s00376-022-1247-7
Lagrangian inversion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from Beijing using differential column measurements K. Che et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac7477

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Short summary

China has pledged to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP by 60–65 % relative to 2005 levels, and to peak carbon emissions overall by 2030. Disagreement among available inventories of Chinese emissions makes it difficult for China to track progress toward its goals and evaluate the efficacy of regional control measures. This study uses a unique set of historical atmospheric observations for the key period from 2005 to 2009 to independently evaluate three different CO₂ emission estimates.

China has pledged to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP by 60–65 % relative to 2005...