Articles | Volume 20, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13687-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13687-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 14 Nov 2020
| 14 Nov 2020
Scant evidence for a volcanically forced winter warming over Eurasia following the Krakatau eruption of August 1883
Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY
10027, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
10027, USA
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
Suzana J. Camargo
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
10027, USA
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stratospheric aerosol injection may impact global systems and human health outcomes S. Tracy et al. 10.1525/elementa.2022.00047
- Major Differences in Regional Climate Impact Between High‐ and Low‐Latitude Volcanic Eruptions J. Sjolte et al. 10.1029/2020GL092017
- A Review of El Niño Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. 10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z
- Key drivers of large scale changes in North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic circulations and their predictability B. Dong et al. 10.1007/s00382-025-07591-1
- Investigating post-eruption amplified winter cooling in the Middle East and North Africa—unraveling ENSO and NAO dynamics M. Dogar et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/adc675
- Challenges in detecting volcanic forcing in climate and societal proxies: insights from the 1170/1171 CE eruption S. Guillet et al. 10.1007/s10584-025-03867-x
- Climate Teleconnections Influencing Historical Variations, Trends, and Shifts in Snow Cover Days in Finland M. Irannezhad et al. 10.1007/s41748-024-00466-1
- Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues L. Marshall et al. 10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3
- The Arctic Polar Vortex Response to Volcanic Forcing of Different Strengths A. Azoulay et al. 10.1029/2020JD034450
- Investigating hydroclimatic impacts of the 168–158 BCE volcanic quartet and their relevance to the Nile River basin and Egyptian history R. Singh et al. 10.5194/cp-19-249-2023
- Recent advances and future avenues in examining the impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate T. Zhou et al. 10.1360/TB-2023-0140
- ENSO and NAO Linkage to Strong Volcanism and Associated Post‐Volcanic High‐Latitude Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. 10.1029/2023GL106114
- Extreme Tibetan Plateau cooling caused by tropical volcanism X. Zhu et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00672-8
- Global tree-ring response and inferred climate variation following the mid-thirteenth century Samalas eruption U. Büntgen et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06141-3
- ENSO and volcanic forcing of winter and summer interannual temperature variability in East Asia over the past six centuries J. Wang et al. 10.1007/s10584-025-03864-0
- Progress and uncertainties in global and hemispheric temperature reconstructions of the Common Era K. Anchukaitis & J. Smerdon 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107537
- Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics A. Banerjee et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021
- Volcanic stratospheric injections up to 160 Tg(S) yield a Eurasian winter warming indistinguishable from internal variability K. DallaSanta & L. Polvani 10.5194/acp-22-8843-2022
- Impact of volcanic eruptions on extratropical atmospheric circulations: review, revisit and future directions S. Paik et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acd5e6
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stratospheric aerosol injection may impact global systems and human health outcomes S. Tracy et al. 10.1525/elementa.2022.00047
- Major Differences in Regional Climate Impact Between High‐ and Low‐Latitude Volcanic Eruptions J. Sjolte et al. 10.1029/2020GL092017
- A Review of El Niño Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. 10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z
- Key drivers of large scale changes in North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic circulations and their predictability B. Dong et al. 10.1007/s00382-025-07591-1
- Investigating post-eruption amplified winter cooling in the Middle East and North Africa—unraveling ENSO and NAO dynamics M. Dogar et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/adc675
- Challenges in detecting volcanic forcing in climate and societal proxies: insights from the 1170/1171 CE eruption S. Guillet et al. 10.1007/s10584-025-03867-x
- Climate Teleconnections Influencing Historical Variations, Trends, and Shifts in Snow Cover Days in Finland M. Irannezhad et al. 10.1007/s41748-024-00466-1
- Volcanic effects on climate: recent advances and future avenues L. Marshall et al. 10.1007/s00445-022-01559-3
- The Arctic Polar Vortex Response to Volcanic Forcing of Different Strengths A. Azoulay et al. 10.1029/2020JD034450
- Investigating hydroclimatic impacts of the 168–158 BCE volcanic quartet and their relevance to the Nile River basin and Egyptian history R. Singh et al. 10.5194/cp-19-249-2023
- Recent advances and future avenues in examining the impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate T. Zhou et al. 10.1360/TB-2023-0140
- ENSO and NAO Linkage to Strong Volcanism and Associated Post‐Volcanic High‐Latitude Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. 10.1029/2023GL106114
- Extreme Tibetan Plateau cooling caused by tropical volcanism X. Zhu et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00672-8
- Global tree-ring response and inferred climate variation following the mid-thirteenth century Samalas eruption U. Büntgen et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06141-3
- ENSO and volcanic forcing of winter and summer interannual temperature variability in East Asia over the past six centuries J. Wang et al. 10.1007/s10584-025-03864-0
- Progress and uncertainties in global and hemispheric temperature reconstructions of the Common Era K. Anchukaitis & J. Smerdon 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107537
- Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics A. Banerjee et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021
- Volcanic stratospheric injections up to 160 Tg(S) yield a Eurasian winter warming indistinguishable from internal variability K. DallaSanta & L. Polvani 10.5194/acp-22-8843-2022
- Impact of volcanic eruptions on extratropical atmospheric circulations: review, revisit and future directions S. Paik et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acd5e6
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Short summary
On the basis of questionable early studies, it is widely believed that low-latitude volcanic eruptions cause winter warming over Eurasia. However, we here demonstrate that the winter warming over Eurasia following the 1883 Krakatau eruption was unremarkable and, in all likelihood, unrelated to that eruption. Confirming similar findings for the 1991 Pinatubo eruption, the new research demonstrates that no detectable Eurasian winter warming is to be expected after eruptions of similar magnitude.
On the basis of questionable early studies, it is widely believed that low-latitude volcanic...
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