Articles | Volume 19, issue 13 
            
                
                    
                    
                        
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8687-2019
                    © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
                        
                    https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8687-2019
                    © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Atmospheric measurements of the terrestrial O2 : CO2 exchange ratio of a midlatitude forest
Mark O. Battle
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    J. William Munger
                                            School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
                                        
                                    Margaret Conley
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Eric Sofen
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Rebecca Perry
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Ryan Hart
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Zane Davis
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Jacob Scheckman
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Jayme Woogerd
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Karina Graeter
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Samuel Seekins
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    Sasha David
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
                                    John Carpenter
                                            Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011-8488, USA
                                        
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                            Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Historically inconsistent productivity and respiration fluxes in the global terrestrial carbon cycle J. Jian et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-29391-5
- 气候变化下陆地产氧量变化 磊. 丁 et al. 10.1360/N072021-0315
- Separating above-canopy CO2 and O2 measurements into their atmospheric and biospheric signatures K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024
- The oxygen cycle and a habitable Earth J. Huang et al. 10.1007/s11430-020-9747-1
- A modeling approach to investigate drivers, variability and uncertainties in O2 fluxes and O2 : CO2 exchange ratios in a temperate forest Y. Yan et al. 10.5194/bg-20-4087-2023
- The Variability of Air-sea O2 Flux in CMIP6: Implications for Estimating Terrestrial and Oceanic Carbon Sinks C. Li et al. 10.1007/s00376-021-1273-x
- Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles S. Ishidoya et al. 10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025
- Airborne measurements of oxygen concentration from the surface to the lower stratosphere and pole to pole B. Stephens et al. 10.5194/amt-14-2543-2021
- Evaluating the performance of a Picarro G2207-i analyser for high-precision atmospheric O2 measurements L. Fleming et al. 10.5194/amt-16-387-2023
- Chemical Oxygen Demand as a Measure of Fluvial Organic Matter Oxidation State F. Worrall et al. 10.1029/2022JG007248
- Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2, and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-851-2023
- Variations in terrestrial oxygen sources under climate change L. Ding et al. 10.1007/s11430-021-9956-5
- Low-cost chamber design for simultaneous CO2 and O2 flux measurements between tree stems and the atmosphere J. Helm et al. 10.1093/treephys/tpab022
- The weak land carbon sink hypothesis J. Randerson et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adr5489
- The quandary of sources and sinks of CO2 efflux in tree stems—new insights and future directions R. Salomón et al. 10.1093/treephys/tpad157
- Near-real-time CO2 fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling A. van der Woude et al. 10.5194/essd-15-579-2023
- Environmental Factors Affecting Near-Surface Oxygen Content Vary in Typical Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau D. Liu & H. Tang 10.3389/fenvs.2022.902006
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Historically inconsistent productivity and respiration fluxes in the global terrestrial carbon cycle J. Jian et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-29391-5
- 气候变化下陆地产氧量变化 磊. 丁 et al. 10.1360/N072021-0315
- Separating above-canopy CO2 and O2 measurements into their atmospheric and biospheric signatures K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024
- The oxygen cycle and a habitable Earth J. Huang et al. 10.1007/s11430-020-9747-1
- A modeling approach to investigate drivers, variability and uncertainties in O2 fluxes and O2 : CO2 exchange ratios in a temperate forest Y. Yan et al. 10.5194/bg-20-4087-2023
- The Variability of Air-sea O2 Flux in CMIP6: Implications for Estimating Terrestrial and Oceanic Carbon Sinks C. Li et al. 10.1007/s00376-021-1273-x
- Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles S. Ishidoya et al. 10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025
- Airborne measurements of oxygen concentration from the surface to the lower stratosphere and pole to pole B. Stephens et al. 10.5194/amt-14-2543-2021
- Evaluating the performance of a Picarro G2207-i analyser for high-precision atmospheric O2 measurements L. Fleming et al. 10.5194/amt-16-387-2023
- Chemical Oxygen Demand as a Measure of Fluvial Organic Matter Oxidation State F. Worrall et al. 10.1029/2022JG007248
- Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2, and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-851-2023
- Variations in terrestrial oxygen sources under climate change L. Ding et al. 10.1007/s11430-021-9956-5
- Low-cost chamber design for simultaneous CO2 and O2 flux measurements between tree stems and the atmosphere J. Helm et al. 10.1093/treephys/tpab022
- The weak land carbon sink hypothesis J. Randerson et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adr5489
- The quandary of sources and sinks of CO2 efflux in tree stems—new insights and future directions R. Salomón et al. 10.1093/treephys/tpad157
- Near-real-time CO2 fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling A. van der Woude et al. 10.5194/essd-15-579-2023
- Environmental Factors Affecting Near-Surface Oxygen Content Vary in Typical Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau D. Liu & H. Tang 10.3389/fenvs.2022.902006
Latest update: 29 Oct 2025
Short summary
                    Predictions of global warming require predictions of how much CO2 will be taken up by the oceans, how much by land plants, and how much will stay in the atmosphere. Measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) help with these predictions if we also know the ratio of O2 release to CO2 uptake in land plants. We have measured this ratio in a midlatitude forest and find a lower value than the one in wide use. If truly applicable, our results call for a modest adjustment in the global carbon budget.
                    Predictions of global warming require predictions of how much CO2 will be taken up by the...
                    
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