Age and gravitational separation of the stratospheric  air over Indonesia

Sugawara, Satoshi; Ishidoya, Shigeyuki; Aoki, Shuji; Morimoto, Shinji; Nakazawa, Takakiyo; Toyoda, Sakae; Inai, Yoichi; Hasebe, Fumio; Ikeda, Chusaku; Honda, Hideyuki; Goto, Daisuke; Putri, Fanny A.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1819-2018

Articles | Volume 18, issue 3

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Articles | Volume 18, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1819-2018

Articles | Volume 18, issue 3

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Peer review
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Research article

07 Feb 2018

Research article |

| 07 Feb 2018

Age and gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Indonesia

Satoshi Sugawara, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Shuji Aoki, Shinji Morimoto, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Sakae Toyoda, Yoichi Inai, Fumio Hasebe, Chusaku Ikeda, Hideyuki Honda, Daisuke Goto, and Fanny A. Putri

Satoshi Sugawara

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

sugawara@staff.miyakyo-u.ac.jp

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6302-8301

Miyagi University of Education, Sendai 980-0845, Japan

Shigeyuki Ishidoya

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-2899

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan

Shuji Aoki

Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Shinji Morimoto

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-5430

Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Takakiyo Nakazawa

Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Sakae Toyoda

Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan

Yoichi Inai

Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

Fumio Hasebe

Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

Chusaku Ikeda

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan

Hideyuki Honda

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan

Daisuke Goto

National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan

Fanny A. Putri

Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Bandung 40173, Indonesia

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
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May 2018	22	14	0	36
Jun 2018	11	12	1	24
Jul 2018	6	7	0	13
Aug 2018	9	8	0	17
Sep 2018	12	11	0	23
Oct 2018	14	6	3	23
Nov 2018	10	12	2	24
Dec 2018	7	4	2	13
Jan 2019	9	2	1	12
Feb 2019	4	3	0	7
Mar 2019	3	11	0	14
Apr 2019	6	9	0	15
May 2019	9	6	0	15
Jun 2019	21	6	0	27
Jul 2019	7	7	1	15
Aug 2019	3	9	0	12
Sep 2019	15	13	2	30
Oct 2019	16	17	2	35
Nov 2019	9	7	1	17
Dec 2019	7	4	1	12
Jan 2020	7	3	1	11
Feb 2020	10	7	1	18
Mar 2020	6	6	0	12
Apr 2020	4	2	0	6
May 2020	12	2	0	14
Jun 2020	14	3	0	17
Jul 2020	14	8	5	27
Aug 2020	24	8	8	40
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Oct 2020	5	6	2	13
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Dec 2020	10	4	0	14
Jan 2021	15	5	1	21
Feb 2021	8	5	1	14
Mar 2021	8	4	0	12
Apr 2021	11	5	6	22
May 2021	6	7	0	13
Jun 2021	7	6	0	13
Jul 2021	7	6	0	13
Aug 2021	13	8	2	23
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Oct 2021	9	37	0	46
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Dec 2021	27	4	1	32
Jan 2022	18	7	2	27
Feb 2022	9	4	1	14
Mar 2022	3	5	0	8
Apr 2022	7	3	1	11
May 2022	11	1	1	13
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Jul 2022	15	4	2	21
Aug 2022	43	4	0	47
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Oct 2022	10	2	1	13
Nov 2022	16	7	1	24
Dec 2022	10	4	1	15
Jan 2023	13	11	1	25
Feb 2023	9	2	2	13
Mar 2023	14	4	1	19
Apr 2023	6	4	2	12
May 2023	7	3	1	11
Jun 2023	17	1	0	18
Jul 2023	6	4	2	12
Aug 2023	11	6	1	18
Sep 2023	8	1	1	10
Oct 2023	6	6	1	13
Nov 2023	6	1	3	10
Dec 2023	16	7	2	25
Jan 2024	29	4	2	35
Feb 2024	10	11	1	22
Mar 2024	13	10	1	24
Apr 2024	24	4	4	32
May 2024	30	9	1	40
Jun 2024	29	6	1	36
Jul 2024	58	7	4	69
Aug 2024	36	5	6	47
Sep 2024	24	3	4	31
Oct 2024	23	4	0	27
Nov 2024	9	4	3	16
Dec 2024	12	2	0	14
Jan 2025	22	12	0	34
Feb 2025	34	8	1	43
Mar 2025	12	14	5	31
Apr 2025	1	1	0	2

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Mar 2018	28	23	0	51
Apr 2018	18	8	0	26
May 2018	22	14	0	36
Jun 2018	11	12	1	24
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Oct 2018	14	6	3	23
Nov 2018	10	12	2	24
Dec 2018	7	4	2	13
Jan 2019	9	2	1	12
Feb 2019	4	3	0	7
Mar 2019	3	11	0	14
Apr 2019	6	9	0	15
May 2019	9	6	0	15
Jun 2019	21	6	0	27
Jul 2019	7	7	1	15
Aug 2019	3	9	0	12
Sep 2019	15	13	2	30
Oct 2019	16	17	2	35
Nov 2019	9	7	1	17
Dec 2019	7	4	1	12
Jan 2020	7	3	1	11
Feb 2020	10	7	1	18
Mar 2020	6	6	0	12
Apr 2020	4	2	0	6
May 2020	12	2	0	14
Jun 2020	14	3	0	17
Jul 2020	14	8	5	27
Aug 2020	24	8	8	40
Sep 2020	12	7	3	22
Oct 2020	5	6	2	13
Nov 2020	10	6	0	16
Dec 2020	10	4	0	14
Jan 2021	15	5	1	21
Feb 2021	8	5	1	14
Mar 2021	8	4	0	12
Apr 2021	11	5	6	22
May 2021	6	7	0	13
Jun 2021	7	6	0	13
Jul 2021	7	6	0	13
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Oct 2021	9	37	0	46
Nov 2021	15	22	1	38
Dec 2021	27	4	1	32
Jan 2022	18	7	2	27
Feb 2022	9	4	1	14
Mar 2022	3	5	0	8
Apr 2022	7	3	1	11
May 2022	11	1	1	13
Jun 2022	7	4	2	13
Jul 2022	15	4	2	21
Aug 2022	43	4	0	47
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Oct 2022	10	2	1	13
Nov 2022	16	7	1	24
Dec 2022	10	4	1	15
Jan 2023	13	11	1	25
Feb 2023	9	2	2	13
Mar 2023	14	4	1	19
Apr 2023	6	4	2	12
May 2023	7	3	1	11
Jun 2023	17	1	0	18
Jul 2023	6	4	2	12
Aug 2023	11	6	1	18
Sep 2023	8	1	1	10
Oct 2023	6	6	1	13
Nov 2023	6	1	3	10
Dec 2023	16	7	2	25
Jan 2024	29	4	2	35
Feb 2024	10	11	1	22
Mar 2024	13	10	1	24
Apr 2024	24	4	4	32
May 2024	30	9	1	40
Jun 2024	29	6	1	36
Jul 2024	58	7	4	69
Aug 2024	36	5	6	47
Sep 2024	24	3	4	31
Oct 2024	23	4	0	27
Nov 2024	9	4	3	16
Dec 2024	12	2	0	14
Jan 2025	22	12	0	34
Feb 2025	34	8	1	43
Mar 2025	12	14	5	31
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Total article views: 473 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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Views and downloads (calculated since 18 Jul 2017)

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May 2018	22	14	0	36
Jun 2018	11	12	1	24
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Jul 2022	15	4	2	21
Aug 2022	43	4	0	47
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Apr 2023	6	4	2	12
May 2023	7	3	1	11
Jun 2023	17	1	0	18
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Oct 2023	6	6	1	13
Nov 2023	6	1	3	10
Dec 2023	16	7	2	25
Jan 2024	29	4	2	35
Feb 2024	10	11	1	22
Mar 2024	13	10	1	24
Apr 2024	24	4	4	32
May 2024	30	9	1	40
Jun 2024	29	6	1	36
Jul 2024	58	7	4	69
Aug 2024	36	5	6	47
Sep 2024	24	3	4	31
Oct 2024	23	4	0	27
Nov 2024	9	4	3	16
Dec 2024	12	2	0	14
Jan 2025	22	12	0	34
Feb 2025	34	8	1	43
Mar 2025	12	14	5	31
Apr 2025	1	1	0	2

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Jul 2017)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
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Mar 2018	28	23	0	51
Apr 2018	18	8	0	26
May 2018	22	14	0	36
Jun 2018	11	12	1	24
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Aug 2018	9	8	0	17
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Oct 2018	14	6	3	23
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Dec 2018	7	4	2	13
Jan 2019	9	2	1	12
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Mar 2019	3	11	0	14
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Dec 2019	7	4	1	12
Jan 2020	7	3	1	11
Feb 2020	10	7	1	18
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Apr 2020	4	2	0	6
May 2020	12	2	0	14
Jun 2020	14	3	0	17
Jul 2020	14	8	5	27
Aug 2020	24	8	8	40
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Jun 2021	7	6	0	13
Jul 2021	7	6	0	13
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Sep 2021	19	8	1	28
Oct 2021	9	37	0	46
Nov 2021	15	22	1	38
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Jan 2022	18	7	2	27
Feb 2022	9	4	1	14
Mar 2022	3	5	0	8
Apr 2022	7	3	1	11
May 2022	11	1	1	13
Jun 2022	7	4	2	13
Jul 2022	15	4	2	21
Aug 2022	43	4	0	47
Sep 2022	9	2	2	13
Oct 2022	10	2	1	13
Nov 2022	16	7	1	24
Dec 2022	10	4	1	15
Jan 2023	13	11	1	25
Feb 2023	9	2	2	13
Mar 2023	14	4	1	19
Apr 2023	6	4	2	12
May 2023	7	3	1	11
Jun 2023	17	1	0	18
Jul 2023	6	4	2	12
Aug 2023	11	6	1	18
Sep 2023	8	1	1	10
Oct 2023	6	6	1	13
Nov 2023	6	1	3	10
Dec 2023	16	7	2	25
Jan 2024	29	4	2	35
Feb 2024	10	11	1	22
Mar 2024	13	10	1	24
Apr 2024	24	4	4	32
May 2024	30	9	1	40
Jun 2024	29	6	1	36
Jul 2024	58	7	4	69
Aug 2024	36	5	6	47
Sep 2024	24	3	4	31
Oct 2024	23	4	0	27
Nov 2024	9	4	3	16
Dec 2024	12	2	0	14
Jan 2025	22	12	0	34
Feb 2025	34	8	1	43
Mar 2025	12	14	5	31
Apr 2025	1	1	0	2

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Japan	3	238	11
Germany	4	177	8
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Germany	3	53	11
China	4	25	5
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Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

12 citations as recorded by crossref.

Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric gravitational separation using the NIES global atmospheric tracer transport model D. Belikov et al. 10.5194/acp-19-5349-2019
Gravitational separation of Ar∕N2 and age of air in the lowermost stratosphere in airborne observations and a chemical transport model B. Birner et al. 10.5194/acp-20-12391-2020
Application of a Nudged General Circulation Model to the Interpretation of the Mean Age of Air Derived from Stratospheric Samples in the Tropics T. NGUYEN et al. 10.2151/jmsj.2021-056
Simulating age of air and the distribution of SF6 in the stratosphere with the SILAM model R. Kouznetsov et al. 10.5194/acp-20-5837-2020
Gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Syowa, Antarctica and its connection with meteorological fields S. Ishidoya et al. 10.1002/asl.857
Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles S. Ishidoya et al. 10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025
Coordinated Upper-Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak F. Hasebe et al. 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0289.1
Secular change in atmospheric Ar∕N2 and its implications for ocean heat uptake and Brewer–Dobson circulation S. Ishidoya et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1357-2021
Towards reconstructing the Arctic atmospheric methane history over the 20th century: measurement and modelling results for the North Greenland Ice Core Project firn T. Umezawa et al. 10.5194/acp-22-6899-2022
Balloon-borne tropospheric CO2 observations over the equatorial eastern and western Pacific Y. Inai et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.016
A method for resolving changes in atmospheric He ∕ N2 as an indicator of fossil fuel extraction and stratospheric circulation B. Birner et al. 10.5194/amt-14-2515-2021
Vertical Profiles and Temporal Variations of Greenhouse Gases in the Stratosphere over Syowa Station, Antarctica D. Goto et al. 10.2151/sola.2017-041

11 citations as recorded by crossref.

Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric gravitational separation using the NIES global atmospheric tracer transport model D. Belikov et al. 10.5194/acp-19-5349-2019
Gravitational separation of Ar∕N2 and age of air in the lowermost stratosphere in airborne observations and a chemical transport model B. Birner et al. 10.5194/acp-20-12391-2020
Application of a Nudged General Circulation Model to the Interpretation of the Mean Age of Air Derived from Stratospheric Samples in the Tropics T. NGUYEN et al. 10.2151/jmsj.2021-056
Simulating age of air and the distribution of SF6 in the stratosphere with the SILAM model R. Kouznetsov et al. 10.5194/acp-20-5837-2020
Gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Syowa, Antarctica and its connection with meteorological fields S. Ishidoya et al. 10.1002/asl.857
Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles S. Ishidoya et al. 10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025
Coordinated Upper-Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak F. Hasebe et al. 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0289.1
Secular change in atmospheric Ar∕N2 and its implications for ocean heat uptake and Brewer–Dobson circulation S. Ishidoya et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1357-2021
Towards reconstructing the Arctic atmospheric methane history over the 20th century: measurement and modelling results for the North Greenland Ice Core Project firn T. Umezawa et al. 10.5194/acp-22-6899-2022
Balloon-borne tropospheric CO2 observations over the equatorial eastern and western Pacific Y. Inai et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.016
A method for resolving changes in atmospheric He ∕ N2 as an indicator of fossil fuel extraction and stratospheric circulation B. Birner et al. 10.5194/amt-14-2515-2021

1 citations as recorded by crossref.

Vertical Profiles and Temporal Variations of Greenhouse Gases in the Stratosphere over Syowa Station, Antarctica D. Goto et al. 10.2151/sola.2017-041

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Short summary

This is the first research that shows concrete evidence of gravitational separation in the tropical stratosphere. This implies that gravitational separation occurs within the entire stratosphere, which gives us new insight into atmospheric dynamics.

This is the first research that shows concrete evidence of gravitational separation in the...

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