Articles | Volume 18, issue 19 
            
                
                    
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13903-2018
                    © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13903-2018
                    © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Coal fly ash: linking immersion freezing behavior and physicochemical particle properties
                                            Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
                                    Stefanie Augustin-Bauditz
                                            Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
                                    
                                            now at: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hamburg, Germany
                                        
                                    Hans-Christian Clemen
                                            Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
                                        
                                    Martin Ebert
                                            Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Darmstadt, Germany
                                        
                                    Stine Eriksen Hammer
                                            Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Darmstadt, Germany
                                        
                                    Jasmin Lubitz
                                            Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
                                    Naama Reicher
                                            Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
                                        
                                    Yinon Rudich
                                            Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
                                        
                                    Johannes Schneider
                                            Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
                                        
                                    Robert Staacke
                                            University of Leipzig, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Division of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
                                    Frank Stratmann
                                            Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
                                    André Welti
                                            Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
                                    
                                            now at: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
                                        
                                    Heike Wex
                                            Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leipzig, Germany
                                        
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Nov 2025
Short summary
                    In this study, coal fly ash particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets were analyzed concerning their freezing behavior. Additionally, physico-chemical particle properties (morphology, chemical composition, crystallography) were investigated. In combining both aspects, components that potentially contribute to the observed freezing behavior of the ash could be identified. Interactions at the particle-water interface, that depend on suspension time and influence freezing, are discussed.
                    In this study, coal fly ash particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets were analyzed...
                    
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