Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Aug 2018
Research article |
| 16 Aug 2018
| 16 Aug 2018
Nitrogen isotope fractionation during gas-to-particle conversion of NOx to NO3− in the atmosphere – implications for isotope-based NOx source apportionment
Yunhua Chang
Yale–NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint
Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of
Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education
(KLME)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College
of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yanlin Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Yale–NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint
Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of
Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education
(KLME)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College
of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Chongguo Tian
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological
Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Shichun Zhang
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Road, Changchun 130102, China
Xiaoyan Ma
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological
Administration, Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of
Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 10044, China
Fang Cao
Yale–NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint
Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of
Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education
(KLME)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College
of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Xiaoyan Liu
Yale–NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint
Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of
Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education
(KLME)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College
of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Wenqi Zhang
Yale–NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint
Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of
Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education
(KLME)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of
Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information
Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College
of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &
Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Thomas Kuhn
Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Moritz F. Lehmann
Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental
Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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- Dominant Contribution of NO3 Radical to NO3– Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ17O and δ18O X. Feng et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c07590
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- Important contribution of N2O5 hydrolysis to the daytime nitrate in Xi'an, China during haze periods: Isotopic analysis and WRF-Chem model simulation C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117712
- Quantifying the major sources of nitrate in PM2.5 in a port city in southeastern China: Perspectives from nitrate dual isotopes and NOx emission inventory Q. Miao et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2025.102597
- Comprehensive Insights Into O3 Changes During the COVID‐19 From O3 Formation Regime and Atmospheric Oxidation Capacity S. Zhu et al. 10.1029/2021GL093668
- Seasonal differences in sources and formation processes of PM2.5 nitrate in an urban environment of North China Y. Li et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.020
- Combining dual isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model to quantify the nitrate sources of precipitation in Ningbo, East China Y. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146297
- Diesel vehicle emission accounts for the dominate NO source to atmospheric particulate nitrate in a coastal city: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5 W. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106328
- Vertical Differences of Nitrate Sources in Urban Boundary Layer Based on Tower Measurements M. Fan et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00600
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- Understanding the Origin of Wet Deposition Black Carbon in North America During the Fall Season P. Sricharoenvech et al. 10.3390/environments12020058
- Insight into the Variability of the Nitrogen Isotope Composition of Vehicular NOx in China Z. Zong et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c04749
- The importance of coal combustion and heterogeneous reaction for atmospheric nitrate pollution in a cold metropolis in China: Insights from isotope fractionation and Bayesian mixing model X. Sun et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117730
- New Constraints on Isotopic Effects and Major Sources of Nitrate in Atmospheric Particulates by Combining δ15N and Δ17O Signatures W. Song et al. 10.1029/2020JD034168
- Nitrate aerosol formation and source assessment in winter at different regions in Northeast China Z. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118767
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- Determination of Stable Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Ratios in Atmospheric Aerosol Nitrates Z. ZHAO et al. 10.1016/S1872-2040(19)61166-7
- Chemical characterization and stable nitrogen isotope composition of nitrogenous component of ambient aerosols from Kanpur in the Indo-Gangetic Plains G. Singh et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143032
- Nitrate Isotopic Composition in Precipitation at a Chinese Megacity: Seasonal Variations, Atmospheric Processes, and Implications for Sources Z. Li et al. 10.1029/2019EA000759
- Increasing Nonfossil Fuel Contributions to Atmospheric Nitrate in Urban China from Observation to Prediction M. Fan et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c01651
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- Dual-modelling-based source apportionment of NOx in five Chinese megacities: Providing the isotopic footprint from 2013 to 2014 Z. Zong et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105592
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- Dynamics of water-soluble inorganic ions in Qinhuangdao: Particle size association and influences of environmental conditions R. Lyu et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102390
- Nitrate sources and formation of rainwater constrained by dual isotopes in Southeast Asia: Example from Singapore C. Li et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125024
- Diurnal and seasonal variations in water-soluble inorganic ions and nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5: Implications for source apportionment and formation processes of urban aerosol nitrate Q. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105197
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- Sources and Formation of Atmospheric Nitrate Over China–Indochina Peninsula in Spring: A Perspective From Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions Based on Passive Air Samplers X. Wang et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.897555
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72 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stable isotope ratio of atmospheric and seawater nitrate in the East Sea in the northwestern Pacific ocean H. Kim et al. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110610
- Ammonium and nitrate in ice accretions and snow at two Central European montane locations: δ15N and δ18OH2O isotope ratios, fluxes and sources M. Novak et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178203
- Formation pathways and sources of size-segregated nitrate aerosols in a megacity identified by dual isotopes Y. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118708
- Nitrogen isotopic composition of NOx from residential biomass burning and coal combustion in North China Z. Zong et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119238
- Dominant Contribution of NO3 Radical to NO3– Formation during Heavy Haze Episodes: Insights from High-Time Resolution of Dual Isotopes Δ17O and δ18O X. Feng et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c07590
- Insights into factors affecting size-segregated nitrate formation in a coastal city through measurements of dual isotopes X. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119385
- Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 T. Zhai et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023
- Important contribution of N2O5 hydrolysis to the daytime nitrate in Xi'an, China during haze periods: Isotopic analysis and WRF-Chem model simulation C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117712
- Quantifying the major sources of nitrate in PM2.5 in a port city in southeastern China: Perspectives from nitrate dual isotopes and NOx emission inventory Q. Miao et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2025.102597
- Comprehensive Insights Into O3 Changes During the COVID‐19 From O3 Formation Regime and Atmospheric Oxidation Capacity S. Zhu et al. 10.1029/2021GL093668
- Seasonal differences in sources and formation processes of PM2.5 nitrate in an urban environment of North China Y. Li et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.020
- Combining dual isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model to quantify the nitrate sources of precipitation in Ningbo, East China Y. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146297
- Diesel vehicle emission accounts for the dominate NO source to atmospheric particulate nitrate in a coastal city: Insights from nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5 W. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106328
- Vertical Differences of Nitrate Sources in Urban Boundary Layer Based on Tower Measurements M. Fan et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00600
- Nitrogen isotopes in nitrate aerosols collected in the remote marine boundary layer: Implications for nitrogen isotopic fractionations among atmospheric reactive nitrogen species J. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118028
- Differentiation Between Nitrate Aerosol Formation Pathways in a Southeast Chinese City by Dual Isotope and Modeling Studies H. Xiao et al. 10.1029/2020JD032604
- What controls aerosol δ15N-NO3−? NOx emission sources vs. nitrogen isotope fractionation L. Luo et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162185
- Assessing Contributions of Agricultural and Nonagricultural Emissions to Atmospheric Ammonia in a Chinese Megacity Y. Chang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.8b05984
- Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources S. Albertin et al. 10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024
- Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio in PM1 and size segregated aerosol particles over the Baltic Sea I. Garbarienė et al. 10.3952/physics.v59i3.4082
- Enhanced Primary Production in the Oligotrophic South China Sea Related to Southeast Asian Forest Fires H. Xiao et al. 10.1029/2019JC015663
- Nitrate chemistry in the northeast US – Part 1: Nitrogen isotope seasonality tracks nitrate formation chemistry C. Bekker et al. 10.5194/acp-23-4185-2023
- High resolution, extreme isotopic variability of precipitation nitrate L. Rose et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.012
- Early Nitrogen Budget of the Martian Atmosphere and Its Evolution H. Pieris & B. Jakosky 10.1029/2023JE007934
- Heterogeneous formation of particulate nitrate under ammonium-rich regimes during the high-PM2.5 events in Nanjing, China Y. Lin et al. 10.5194/acp-20-3999-2020
- Nitrogen isotope differences between atmospheric nitrate and corresponding nitrogen oxides: A new constraint using oxygen isotopes W. Song et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134515
- Understanding the Origin of Wet Deposition Black Carbon in North America During the Fall Season P. Sricharoenvech et al. 10.3390/environments12020058
- Insight into the Variability of the Nitrogen Isotope Composition of Vehicular NOx in China Z. Zong et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c04749
- The importance of coal combustion and heterogeneous reaction for atmospheric nitrate pollution in a cold metropolis in China: Insights from isotope fractionation and Bayesian mixing model X. Sun et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117730
- New Constraints on Isotopic Effects and Major Sources of Nitrate in Atmospheric Particulates by Combining δ15N and Δ17O Signatures W. Song et al. 10.1029/2020JD034168
- Nitrate aerosol formation and source assessment in winter at different regions in Northeast China Z. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118767
- Nitrate isotopic composition of sequential Hurricane Harvey wet deposition: Low latitude NOx sources and oxidation chemistry J. David Felix & D. Murgulet 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117748
- Coal and biomass burning as major emissions of NOX in Northeast China: Implication from dual isotopes analysis of fine nitrate aerosols Z. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117762
- Precipitation frequency controls nitrogenous aerosol in a tropical coastal city and its implications for plant carbon sequestration X. Zhou et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138473
- Stable15N isotopes in fine and coarse urban particulate matter H. Wiedenhaus et al. 10.1080/02786826.2021.1905150
- Determination of Stable Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotope Ratios in Atmospheric Aerosol Nitrates Z. ZHAO et al. 10.1016/S1872-2040(19)61166-7
- Chemical characterization and stable nitrogen isotope composition of nitrogenous component of ambient aerosols from Kanpur in the Indo-Gangetic Plains G. Singh et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143032
- Nitrate Isotopic Composition in Precipitation at a Chinese Megacity: Seasonal Variations, Atmospheric Processes, and Implications for Sources Z. Li et al. 10.1029/2019EA000759
- Increasing Nonfossil Fuel Contributions to Atmospheric Nitrate in Urban China from Observation to Prediction M. Fan et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c01651
- Agriculture driven nitrogen wet deposition in a karst catchment in southwest China J. Zeng et al. 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106883
- Characterization of organic aerosols from a Chinese megacity during winter: predominance of fossil fuel combustion M. Haque et al. 10.5194/acp-19-5147-2019
- Seasonal oxidative dynamics and isotopic fractionation of NOx and SO2 in Ostrava, Czech Republic: Insights from stable isotope analysis F. Buzek et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120674
- Formation Mechanisms and Source Apportionments of Airborne Nitrate Aerosols at a Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau Site: Insights from Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions Y. Lin et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c03957
- Dual isotope analysis reveals the COVID-19 lockdown impact on nitrate aerosol sources and formation pathways in Shanghai R. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175839
- Isotopic evaluation on relative contributions of major NOx sources to nitrate of PM2.5 in Beijing W. Song et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.081
- Nitrogen isotopes reveal high NOx emissions from arid agricultural soils in the Salton Sea Air Basin H. Lieb et al. 10.1038/s41598-024-78361-y
- Changes of Emission Sources to Nitrate Aerosols in Beijing After the Clean Air Actions: Evidence From Dual Isotope Compositions M. Fan et al. 10.1029/2019JD031998
- Source apportionment and evolution of N-containing aerosols at a rural cloud forest in Taiwan by isotope analysis T. Chen et al. 10.5194/acp-22-13001-2022
- Dual-modelling-based source apportionment of NOx in five Chinese megacities: Providing the isotopic footprint from 2013 to 2014 Z. Zong et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105592
- Fossil-driven secondary inorganic PM2.5 enhancement in the North China Plain: Evidence from carbon and nitrogen isotopes S. Lim et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115163
- Dynamics of water-soluble inorganic ions in Qinhuangdao: Particle size association and influences of environmental conditions R. Lyu et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102390
- Nitrate sources and formation of rainwater constrained by dual isotopes in Southeast Asia: Example from Singapore C. Li et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125024
- Diurnal and seasonal variations in water-soluble inorganic ions and nitrate dual isotopes of PM2.5: Implications for source apportionment and formation processes of urban aerosol nitrate Q. Li et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105197
- Changes in source composition of wet nitrate deposition after air pollution control in a typical area of Southeast China J. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121649
- Sources and Formation of Atmospheric Nitrate Over China–Indochina Peninsula in Spring: A Perspective From Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions Based on Passive Air Samplers X. Wang et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.897555
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Latest update: 06 Jul 2025
Short summary
We demonstrate that it is imperative that future studies, making use of isotope mixing models to gain conclusive constraints on the source partitioning of atmospheric NOx, consider this N isotope fractionation. Future assessments of NOx emissions in China (and elsewhere) should involve simultaneous δ15N and δ18O measurements of atmospheric nitrate and NOx at high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing former N-isotope-based NOx source partitioning estimates to be reevaluated more quantitatively.
We demonstrate that it is imperative that future studies, making use of isotope mixing models to...
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