Articles | Volume 17, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6113-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6113-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 May 2017
Research article |
| 17 May 2017
Enhanced stratospheric water vapor over the summertime continental United States and the role of overshooting convection
Robert L. Herman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
Eric A. Ray
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System
Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado,
USA
Karen H. Rosenlof
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System
Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado,
USA
Kristopher M. Bedka
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
Michael J. Schwartz
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
William G. Read
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
Robert F. Troy
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
Keith Chin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
Lance E. Christensen
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
Dejian Fu
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
Robert A. Stachnik
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA
T. Paul Bui
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
Jonathan M. Dean-Day
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA
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29 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Mechanism of ozone loss under enhanced water vapour conditions in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere in summer S. Robrecht et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5805-2019
- Using satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to infer long-term trends in US NOx emissions: the importance of accounting for the free tropospheric NO2 background R. Silvern et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8863-2019
- Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems B. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51757-x
- A 22‐Year Evaluation of Convection Reaching the Stratosphere Over the United States C. Homeyer & K. Bowman https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034808
- Calculation of the Vertical Velocity in the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone Region Using the Thermodynamic Method With in situ and Satellite Data D. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00096
- A 13‐year Trajectory‐Based Analysis of Convection‐Driven Changes in Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere Composition Over the United States E. Tinney & C. Homeyer https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033657
- Effects of convective ice evaporation on interannual variability of tropical tropopause layer water vapor H. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4425-2018
- Comparison of Lyman-alpha and LI-COR infrared hygrometers for airborne measurement of turbulent fluctuations of water vapour A. Lampert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2523-2018
- Impacts of tropical tropopause warming on the stratospheric water vapor Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04714-3
- Vapor plumes in a tropical wet forest: spotting the invisible evaporation C. Jiménez-Rodríguez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-619-2021
- Identifying Outflow Regions of North American Monsoon Anticyclone‐Mediated Meridional Transport of Convectively Influenced Air Masses in the Lower Stratosphere C. Clapp et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034644
- In situ observations of CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 show efficient transport pathways for very short-lived species into the lower stratosphere via the Asian and the North American summer monsoon V. Lauther et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2049-2022
- Transport and Confinement of Plumes From Tropopause‐Overshooting Convection Over the Contiguous United States During the Warm Season K. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037020
- A kernel-driven BRDF model to inform satellite-derived visible anvil cloud detection B. Scarino et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5491-2020
- Sensitivities of Cross‐Tropopause Transport in Midlatitude Overshooting Convection to the Lower Stratosphere Environment A. Gordon & C. Homeyer https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036713
- Age of air from in situ trace gas measurements: insights from a new technique E. Ray et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12425-2024
- Comparing Tropopause‐Penetrating Convection Identifications Derived From NEXRAD and GOES Over the Contiguous United States J. Cooney et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034319
- Age spectra and other transport diagnostics in the North American monsoon UTLS from SEAC4RS in situ trace gas measurements E. Ray et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6539-2022
- Empirical evidence for deep convection being a major source of stratospheric ice clouds over North America L. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10457-2021
- 3D Convection-resolving Model of Temperate, Tidally Locked Exoplanets M. Lefèvre et al. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf2c1
- Influence of convection on stratospheric water vapor in the North American monsoon region W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12153-2020
- Potential of future stratospheric ozone loss in the midlatitudes under global warming and sulfate geoengineering S. Robrecht et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2427-2021
- Sensitivity of convectively driven tropical tropopause cirrus properties to ice habits in high-resolution simulations F. Lamraoui et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2393-2023
- JLH Mark2 – An Improved Opto-Mechanical Approach to Open-Path in situ Water Vapor Measurement in the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere R. Herman et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4593-2025
- Targeted Balloon Observations of Stratosphere‐To‐Troposphere Transport From a Mesoscale Convective System R. Auth & C. Homeyer https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039139
- Analysis of factors influencing tropical lower stratospheric water vapor during 1980–2017 J. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00138-7
- Erythemal Radiation, Column Ozone, and the North American Monsoon M. Schoeberl et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032283
- Airborne observations of upper troposphere and lower stratosphere composition change in active convection producing above-anvil cirrus plumes A. Gordon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7591-2024
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Convective Hydration of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere M. Schoeberl et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028286
- Mechanism of ozone loss under enhanced water vapour conditions in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere in summer S. Robrecht et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5805-2019
- Using satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to infer long-term trends in US NOx emissions: the importance of accounting for the free tropospheric NO2 background R. Silvern et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8863-2019
- Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems B. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51757-x
- A 22‐Year Evaluation of Convection Reaching the Stratosphere Over the United States C. Homeyer & K. Bowman https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034808
- Calculation of the Vertical Velocity in the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone Region Using the Thermodynamic Method With in situ and Satellite Data D. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00096
- A 13‐year Trajectory‐Based Analysis of Convection‐Driven Changes in Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere Composition Over the United States E. Tinney & C. Homeyer https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033657
- Effects of convective ice evaporation on interannual variability of tropical tropopause layer water vapor H. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4425-2018
- Comparison of Lyman-alpha and LI-COR infrared hygrometers for airborne measurement of turbulent fluctuations of water vapour A. Lampert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2523-2018
- Impacts of tropical tropopause warming on the stratospheric water vapor Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04714-3
- Vapor plumes in a tropical wet forest: spotting the invisible evaporation C. Jiménez-Rodríguez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-619-2021
- Identifying Outflow Regions of North American Monsoon Anticyclone‐Mediated Meridional Transport of Convectively Influenced Air Masses in the Lower Stratosphere C. Clapp et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034644
- In situ observations of CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 show efficient transport pathways for very short-lived species into the lower stratosphere via the Asian and the North American summer monsoon V. Lauther et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2049-2022
- Transport and Confinement of Plumes From Tropopause‐Overshooting Convection Over the Contiguous United States During the Warm Season K. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037020
- A kernel-driven BRDF model to inform satellite-derived visible anvil cloud detection B. Scarino et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5491-2020
- Sensitivities of Cross‐Tropopause Transport in Midlatitude Overshooting Convection to the Lower Stratosphere Environment A. Gordon & C. Homeyer https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036713
- Age of air from in situ trace gas measurements: insights from a new technique E. Ray et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12425-2024
- Comparing Tropopause‐Penetrating Convection Identifications Derived From NEXRAD and GOES Over the Contiguous United States J. Cooney et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034319
- Age spectra and other transport diagnostics in the North American monsoon UTLS from SEAC4RS in situ trace gas measurements E. Ray et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6539-2022
- Empirical evidence for deep convection being a major source of stratospheric ice clouds over North America L. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10457-2021
- 3D Convection-resolving Model of Temperate, Tidally Locked Exoplanets M. Lefèvre et al. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf2c1
- Influence of convection on stratospheric water vapor in the North American monsoon region W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12153-2020
- Potential of future stratospheric ozone loss in the midlatitudes under global warming and sulfate geoengineering S. Robrecht et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2427-2021
- Sensitivity of convectively driven tropical tropopause cirrus properties to ice habits in high-resolution simulations F. Lamraoui et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2393-2023
- JLH Mark2 – An Improved Opto-Mechanical Approach to Open-Path in situ Water Vapor Measurement in the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere R. Herman et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4593-2025
- Targeted Balloon Observations of Stratosphere‐To‐Troposphere Transport From a Mesoscale Convective System R. Auth & C. Homeyer https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039139
- Analysis of factors influencing tropical lower stratospheric water vapor during 1980–2017 J. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00138-7
- Erythemal Radiation, Column Ozone, and the North American Monsoon M. Schoeberl et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032283
- Airborne observations of upper troposphere and lower stratosphere composition change in active convection producing above-anvil cirrus plumes A. Gordon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7591-2024
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 01 Jun 2026
Short summary
This study reports new aircraft field observations of elevated water vapor greater than 10 ppmv in the overworld stratosphere over the summertime continental US. Back trajectories from the flight track intersect overshooting convective tops within the previous 1 to 7 days, suggesting that ice is convectively and irreversibly transported to the stratosphere in the most energetic overshooting convective events. Satellite measurements (Aura MLS) indicate that such events are uncommon (< 1 %).
This study reports new aircraft field observations of elevated water vapor greater than 10 ppmv...
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