Articles | Volume 17, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4641-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4641-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Changing trends and emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and their hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) replacements
Peter G. Simmonds
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
Matthew Rigby
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
Archie McCulloch
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
Simon O'Doherty
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
Dickon Young
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
Jens Mühle
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Paul B. Krummel
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale,
Victoria, Australia
Paul Steele
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale,
Victoria, Australia
Paul J. Fraser
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale,
Victoria, Australia
Alistair J. Manning
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Ray F. Weiss
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Peter K. Salameh
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Chris M. Harth
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Ray H. J. Wang
School of Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Ronald G. Prinn
Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Cited
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- History of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) R. Prinn et al. 10.5194/essd-10-985-2018
- Estimate of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Emission Variations During 2011-2018 in the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Yu et al. 10.2139/ssrn.3939419
- Rethinking time-lagged emissions and abatement potential of fluorocarbons in the post-Kigali Amendment era H. Liu et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-51113-2
- The estimated schedule and mitigation potential for hydrofluorocarbons phase-down in China Y. Li et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2019.10.002
- Recent increases in the atmospheric growth rate and emissions of HFC-23 (CHF<sub>3</sub>) and the link to HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>) production P. Simmonds et al. 10.5194/acp-18-4153-2018
- Atmospheric HCFC-22, HFC-125, and HFC-152a at Cape Point, South Africa B. Kuyper et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b01612
- Wetland emission and atmospheric sink changes explain methane growth in 2020 S. Peng et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05447-w
- Theoretical investigation of the mechanism for the reductive dehalogenation of methyl halides mediated by the CoI-based compounds cobalamin and cobaloxime J. Terán et al. 10.1007/s00894-018-3844-z
- Emissions of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b in China during 2018–2021 Inferred from Inverse Modeling Y. Sun et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c02169
- Abundance and sources of atmospheric halocarbons in the Eastern Mediterranean F. Schoenenberger et al. 10.5194/acp-18-4069-2018
- Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons P. Purohit et al. 10.5194/acp-20-11305-2020
- Detachable Trap Preconcentrator with a Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer for the Analysis of Trace Halogenated Greenhouse Gases D. Yoon et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04551
- Estimate of hydrochlorofluorocarbon emissions during 2011–2018 in the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Yu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119517
- A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017–2021 L. Western et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022
- Establishing long-term measurements of halocarbons at Taunus Observatory T. Schuck et al. 10.5194/acp-18-16553-2018
- Atmospheric fate and impacts of HFO-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in East Asia Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170137
- Historical trend of ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbon concentrations during 2004–2020 derived from satellite observations and estimates for global emissions A. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120570
- Eco‐friendly blowing agent, HCFO‐1233zd, for the synthesis of polyurethane foam as cryogenic insulation J. Park et al. 10.1002/app.51492
- A decrease in radiative forcing and equivalent effective chlorine from hydrochlorofluorocarbons L. Western et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-02038-7
- Zinc promoted alumina catalysts for the fluorination of chlorofluorocarbons M. Jones et al. 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.05.012
- Cumulative emissions accounting of greenhouse gases due to path independence for a sufficiently rapid emissions cycle A. Seshadri 10.1007/s00382-021-05739-3
- The atmospheric concentrations and emissions of major halocarbons in China during 2009–2019 L. Yi et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117190
- Reactions with Criegee intermediates are the dominant gas-phase sink for formyl fluoride in the atmosphere Y. Xia et al. 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.012
- Improved FTIR retrieval strategy for HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>), comparisons with in situ and satellite datasets with the support of models, and determination of its long-term trend above Jungfraujoch M. Prignon et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12309-2019
- Establishment of HCFC-22 National–Provincial–Gridded Emission Inventories in China and the Analysis of Emission Reduction Potential J. Wu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c07344
- Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence P. Forster et al. 10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023
- Anthropogenic sources and air mass transport affect spatial and seasonal variations of ambient halocarbons in southeastern China Z. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2024.04.040
- Atmospheric histories, growth rates and solubilities in seawater and other natural waters of the potential transient tracers HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14 and PFC-116 P. Li et al. 10.5194/os-15-33-2019
- Changes in HCFC Emissions in China During 2011–2017 X. Fang et al. 10.1029/2019GL083169
- A review of bottom-up and top-down emission estimates of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in different parts of the world H. Flerlage et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131208
- The first remote-sensing measurements of HFC-32 in the Earth's atmosphere by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) R. Dodangodage et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107804
- Long-term temporal variations and source changes of halocarbons in the Greater Pearl River Delta region, China L. Zeng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117550
- Global environmental impacts: data sources and methodological choices for calculating normalization factors for LCA E. Crenna et al. 10.1007/s11367-019-01604-y
- China’s Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions for 2011–2017 Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements B. Yao et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00319
- Impact of Unmitigated HFC Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone at the End of the 21st Century as Simulated by Chemistry‐Climate Models E. Dupuy et al. 10.1029/2021JD035307
- The first satellite measurements of HFC-125 by the ACE-FTS: Long-term trends and distribution in the Earth’s upper troposphere and lower stratosphere R. Dodangodage et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109218
- Extremely rapid self-reactions of hydrochlorofluoromethanes and hydrochlorofluoroethanes and implications in destruction of ozone Y. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138867
- Infrared absorption cross sections for air-broadened 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) J. Harrison 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.04.041
- Hydrolysis of Formyl Fluoride Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid and Formic Acid in the Atmosphere L. Zhang & B. Long 10.1021/acsomega.9b01864
- Trends of halocarbons in the Himalayan atmosphere and implications Z. Cong et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177348
- Emissions of halocarbons from India inferred through atmospheric measurements D. Say et al. 10.5194/acp-19-9865-2019
- Dynamic–gravimetric preparation of metrologically traceable primary calibration standards for halogenated greenhouse gases M. Guillevic et al. 10.5194/amt-11-3351-2018
- Swiss halocarbon emissions for 2019 to 2020 assessed from regional atmospheric observations D. Rust et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2447-2022
- Pathway and Cost-Benefit Analysis to Achieve China’s Zero Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions F. Bai et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c00166
- Enhancing circular economy of waste refrigerants management using deep eutectic solvents D. Clijnk et al. 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01062
- Changes in HCFC emissions from foam sector in eastern China from 2000-2019 D. Zhang et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ad4fe1
- Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence P. Forster et al. 10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- History of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) R. Prinn et al. 10.5194/essd-10-985-2018
- Estimate of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Emission Variations During 2011-2018 in the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Yu et al. 10.2139/ssrn.3939419
- Rethinking time-lagged emissions and abatement potential of fluorocarbons in the post-Kigali Amendment era H. Liu et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-51113-2
- The estimated schedule and mitigation potential for hydrofluorocarbons phase-down in China Y. Li et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2019.10.002
- Recent increases in the atmospheric growth rate and emissions of HFC-23 (CHF<sub>3</sub>) and the link to HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>) production P. Simmonds et al. 10.5194/acp-18-4153-2018
- Atmospheric HCFC-22, HFC-125, and HFC-152a at Cape Point, South Africa B. Kuyper et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b01612
- Wetland emission and atmospheric sink changes explain methane growth in 2020 S. Peng et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05447-w
- Theoretical investigation of the mechanism for the reductive dehalogenation of methyl halides mediated by the CoI-based compounds cobalamin and cobaloxime J. Terán et al. 10.1007/s00894-018-3844-z
- Emissions of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b in China during 2018–2021 Inferred from Inverse Modeling Y. Sun et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c02169
- Abundance and sources of atmospheric halocarbons in the Eastern Mediterranean F. Schoenenberger et al. 10.5194/acp-18-4069-2018
- Electricity savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions from global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons P. Purohit et al. 10.5194/acp-20-11305-2020
- Detachable Trap Preconcentrator with a Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrometer for the Analysis of Trace Halogenated Greenhouse Gases D. Yoon et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04551
- Estimate of hydrochlorofluorocarbon emissions during 2011–2018 in the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Yu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119517
- A renewed rise in global HCFC-141b emissions between 2017–2021 L. Western et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9601-2022
- Establishing long-term measurements of halocarbons at Taunus Observatory T. Schuck et al. 10.5194/acp-18-16553-2018
- Atmospheric fate and impacts of HFO-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in East Asia Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170137
- Historical trend of ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbon concentrations during 2004–2020 derived from satellite observations and estimates for global emissions A. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120570
- Eco‐friendly blowing agent, HCFO‐1233zd, for the synthesis of polyurethane foam as cryogenic insulation J. Park et al. 10.1002/app.51492
- A decrease in radiative forcing and equivalent effective chlorine from hydrochlorofluorocarbons L. Western et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-02038-7
- Zinc promoted alumina catalysts for the fluorination of chlorofluorocarbons M. Jones et al. 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.05.012
- Cumulative emissions accounting of greenhouse gases due to path independence for a sufficiently rapid emissions cycle A. Seshadri 10.1007/s00382-021-05739-3
- The atmospheric concentrations and emissions of major halocarbons in China during 2009–2019 L. Yi et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117190
- Reactions with Criegee intermediates are the dominant gas-phase sink for formyl fluoride in the atmosphere Y. Xia et al. 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.012
- Improved FTIR retrieval strategy for HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>), comparisons with in situ and satellite datasets with the support of models, and determination of its long-term trend above Jungfraujoch M. Prignon et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12309-2019
- Establishment of HCFC-22 National–Provincial–Gridded Emission Inventories in China and the Analysis of Emission Reduction Potential J. Wu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c07344
- Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence P. Forster et al. 10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023
- Anthropogenic sources and air mass transport affect spatial and seasonal variations of ambient halocarbons in southeastern China Z. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2024.04.040
- Atmospheric histories, growth rates and solubilities in seawater and other natural waters of the potential transient tracers HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14 and PFC-116 P. Li et al. 10.5194/os-15-33-2019
- Changes in HCFC Emissions in China During 2011–2017 X. Fang et al. 10.1029/2019GL083169
- A review of bottom-up and top-down emission estimates of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in different parts of the world H. Flerlage et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131208
- The first remote-sensing measurements of HFC-32 in the Earth's atmosphere by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) R. Dodangodage et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2021.107804
- Long-term temporal variations and source changes of halocarbons in the Greater Pearl River Delta region, China L. Zeng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117550
- Global environmental impacts: data sources and methodological choices for calculating normalization factors for LCA E. Crenna et al. 10.1007/s11367-019-01604-y
- China’s Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions for 2011–2017 Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements B. Yao et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00319
- Impact of Unmitigated HFC Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone at the End of the 21st Century as Simulated by Chemistry‐Climate Models E. Dupuy et al. 10.1029/2021JD035307
- The first satellite measurements of HFC-125 by the ACE-FTS: Long-term trends and distribution in the Earth’s upper troposphere and lower stratosphere R. Dodangodage et al. 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109218
- Extremely rapid self-reactions of hydrochlorofluoromethanes and hydrochlorofluoroethanes and implications in destruction of ozone Y. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138867
- Infrared absorption cross sections for air-broadened 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) J. Harrison 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.04.041
- Hydrolysis of Formyl Fluoride Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid and Formic Acid in the Atmosphere L. Zhang & B. Long 10.1021/acsomega.9b01864
- Trends of halocarbons in the Himalayan atmosphere and implications Z. Cong et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177348
- Emissions of halocarbons from India inferred through atmospheric measurements D. Say et al. 10.5194/acp-19-9865-2019
- Dynamic–gravimetric preparation of metrologically traceable primary calibration standards for halogenated greenhouse gases M. Guillevic et al. 10.5194/amt-11-3351-2018
- Swiss halocarbon emissions for 2019 to 2020 assessed from regional atmospheric observations D. Rust et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2447-2022
- Pathway and Cost-Benefit Analysis to Achieve China’s Zero Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions F. Bai et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c00166
- Enhancing circular economy of waste refrigerants management using deep eutectic solvents D. Clijnk et al. 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01062
- Changes in HCFC emissions from foam sector in eastern China from 2000-2019 D. Zhang et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ad4fe1
- Indicators of Global Climate Change 2023: annual update of key indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence P. Forster et al. 10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024
Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Short summary
This paper reports how long-term atmospheric measurements demonstrate that the Montreal Protocol has been effective in controlling production and consumption of the hydrochlorofluorocarbons, a group of industrial chemicals that have detrimental effects on the ozone layer and also contribute to global warming as greenhouse gases and their hydrofluorocarbon substitutes which are also potent greenhouse gases but do not materially affect the ozone layer.
This paper reports how long-term atmospheric measurements demonstrate that the Montreal Protocol...
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